Onkologie. 2026:20(1):58-63 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2026.010

The role of physical activity in oncology patients

Kateřina Kapounková^{1, 2}, Pavlína Bazalová¹, Karolína Kapounková¹, Iva Hrnčiříková^{1, 2}, Iva Burešová³

¹ Fakulta sportovních studií, Masarykova univerzita, Brno

² Masarykův onkologický ústav, Brno

³ Filozofická fakulta, Masarykova univerzita, Brno

Physical activity is one of the most scientifically supported non-pharmacological interventions in follow-up and supportive care in contemporary oncology. New meta-analyses and systematic reviews published between 2023 and 2025 confirm that regular physical activity significantly improves a wide range of clinically relevant parameters, including cancer-related fatigue, quality of life, mental well-being, muscle function, and cardiovascular fitness. At the same time, there is growing evidence of its influence on metabolic, hormonal, and immunological regulation, which may contribute to improved treatment tolerance and, in some cases, prognosis. The article provides a clear summary of current knowledge about the biological mechanisms of physical activity, the principles of its safe prescription, and the possibilities for individualizing exercise programs for cancer patients during the various phases of treatment. Special attention is paid to safety aspects, contraindications, and current recommendations from professional societies. The conclusion discusses the main barriers to the implementation of physical activity into routine clinical practice and the role of multidisciplinary cooperation, including the involvement of physical activity specialists, in the comprehensive care of cancer patients.

Keywords: physical activity, cancer survivors, quality of life, cancer-related fatigue, exercise oncology.

Accepted: March 2, 2026; Published: March 16, 2026  Show citation