Oncology, 2010, issue 5

Editorial

Smysl života ve stáří

MUDr. Jiřina Ondrušová

Onkologie. 2010:4(5):287

Main topic

Sarkomy měkkých tkání - slovo úvodem

prof. MUDr. Jan Žaloudík, CSc.

Onkologie. 2010:4(5):292

Histopathological diagnosis of soft tissue tumours

Karel Veselý

Onkologie. 2010:4(5):293-296

An introduction to a classification and tissue diagnostics of soft tissue tumors is presented. The review is focused on tissue retrieval methods for histopathological and other ancillary studies, which are essential for histotyping and grading of soft tissue sarcomas and thus for planning further therapy. The growing importance of the molecular biologic techniques, which enables a detection of specific translocations characteristic for some soft tissue neoplasms, is highlighted. The benefits and shortcomings of the currently employed grading systems are briefly summarized and potential future trends are delineated.

Surgical aspects of management of soft tissue sarcomas

Jan Žaloudík

Onkologie. 2010:4(5):297-301

Management of patients with soft tissue sarcomas elsewhere in the body (annual incidence in the Czech Republic about 350 cases) should be concentrated only to limited number of hospitals and teams which are able to provide comprehensive diagnostic services, including specialized histopathology, multidisciplinary spectrum of surgical operations, external radiotherapy and interstitial brachyradiotherapy, systemic and regional chemotherapy, careful long-term follow-up of patients and self-evaluation of therapeutic outcomes. Results of chaotic and scattered management can not be improved even by the newest diagnostic or therapeutic technology.

The role of radiotherapy in treatment of soft tissue sarcoma

Pavel Lovas, Zuzana Lovasová, Jana Garčicová

Onkologie. 2010:4(5):302-307

Based on their experience, literature review and recommendations of international organizations, the authors provide an evidencebased review of this issue.

Systemic therapy of adults soft-tissue sarcoma except GIST

Dagmar Adámková Krákorová

Onkologie. 2010:4(5):308-310

Multidisciplinary treatments planning is mandatory in all cases of soft-tissue sarcoma. Surgery is the standard treatment for all patients with adult-type, localised tumor, complemented by radiation therapy in selected cased. The role of chemotherapy is not clearly defined. Palliative chemotherapy may be added as an option in the treatment for unresectable locally advanced or metastatic disease.

Review articles

The role of pemetrexed in treating lung cancer

František Salajka

Onkologie. 2010:4(5):311-314

Pemetrexed represents the first member of the novel class of antifolates – MTA (multitargeted antifolate). Clinical trials have clearly demonstrated its high efficacy in the treatment of NSCLC, both in the first-line and second-line setting as well as in maintenance therapy, with a low rate of adverse effects. It is the first cytostatic drug whose efficacy has been shown to be related to the histological type of tumour; therefore, it is not indicated in patients with squamous-cell NSCLC. Patients receive it during treatment at major cancer centres.

Choroid plexus tumors in children and adolescents

Zdeněk Pavelka, Karel Zitterbart

Onkologie. 2010:4(5):315-317

Tumors of the choroid plexus epithelium were firstly described in 1833. These tumors are rare and represent only 0,5 % of all brain tumors in children and adults. There is some evidence of simian virus 40 participation in their pathogenesis. These tumors can have benign or malignant fenotype, but there are atypical tumors with uncertain biological behaviour. The best treatment remains unknown. Maximal surgical resection is a method of choice and has a prognostic value. The role of an additive treatment is less clear. The first randomized study with the main goal to evaluate the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy has been conducted only recently.

Adjuvant therapy with imatinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumours

Michaela Zezulová, Bohuslav Melichar

Onkologie. 2010:4(5):318-321

The paper describes the spectrum of therapeutic options and its specific features in gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) with a focus on adjuvant therapy. The introduction deals with general information related to GIST, i. e. epidemiology, histopathology and symptomatology. Given the fact that GIST is among radioresistant and chemoresistant tumours, the efficacy of imatinib mesylate (Glivec®), a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor of c-kit, PDGFRA-alpha and bcr-abl, has been a significant breakthrough in the treatment of this tumour. Therefore, the paper also summarizes the current knowledge of the indications for imatinib treatment...

Pancreas cancer burden of the Czech population

Edvard Geryk, Petr Dítě, Jan Trna, Jiří Kozel, Milan Konečný, Petr Kubíček, Radim Štampach

Onkologie. 2010:4(5):322-325

Over the last 46 years, there were registered 56 828 cases of pancreatic cancer (PC; ICD-10: C25) in the Czech population with rate 19.1 per 100,000 males and 18,2 per 100,000 females in 2007. Between 1989–2005 the prevalence of PC increased by 45.9 % in males to 629, by 119.1 % in females to 241. A total of 3,632 multiple PC registered in 1976–2005 in the Czech Cancer Registry there were 321 (1.5 %) primary and 1 581 (7.4 %) subsequent in males, 241 (1.2 %) primary and 1 489 (7.7 %) subsequent in females, of which were 11 % multiple PC of all new registered PC. Double PC were higher in females, multiple in males. The number of...

Case report

Pharmacogenomical prediction of the effect of taxifen in the treatment of hormonal-dependent post-menopausal

Soňa Argalácsová, Ondřej Slanař, Luboš Petruželka

Onkologie. 2010:4(5):326-331

women with breast cancer based on the correlation of CYP 2D6 activity determined from the polymorphism assessment of its gene and the analysis of gene MDR-1 for P-glycoprotein and concomitant mediaction The initial stages of breast cancer are well treatable nowadays, provided the therapy is appropriate. Hormonal therapy is one of the basic therapeutic modalities for the hormone- dependent breast cancer. Tamoxifen had been the first choice of therapy in hormonedependent postmenopausal women with breast cancer till lately. The last consensus prefers selective inhibitors of aromatase (IA) in the postmenopausal adjuvant hormonal therapy. A certain...