Paliativní medicína jako součást moderní onkologie

MUDr. Miroslav Žiaran

Onkologie. 2025:19(3):115

Early integration of palliative care (not only) in oncology

Miroslav Žiaran, Kateřina Nechvátalová

Onkologie. 2025:19(3):119-123 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2025.023

Early integration of palliative care in oncology has gained traction for its potential to improve the quality of life of patients with cancer. This approach provides comprehensive support from the moment of diagnosis, addressing both physical and emotional needs alongside anticancer treatment. Available data highlight the advantages of this approach. Beyond enhancing quality of life, it also improves symptom management, reduces healthcare costs and, in some cases, extends overall survival. Despite these well-documented benefits of integrating palliative care, practical implementation remains significantly far behind. The reasons include low awareness...

Anxiety, depression, and delirium in hospital palliative care - a brief overview

Tereza Foretová, Miroslav Žiaran

Onkologie. 2025:19(3):124-130 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2025.024

One of the fundamental objectives of palliative care is to ensure patient comfort and enhance quality of life in the context of incurable illness. While clinical attention has traditionally centred on the management of physical symptoms, the significance of psychological well-being should not be underestimated. Mental health constitutes an integral component of comprehensive palliative care, influencing the overall care trajectory. Anxiety, depression, and delirium represent the most prevalent psychiatric disorders encountered in palliative settings, each exerting a substantial impact on patients and their families. Despite their high prevalence, these...

The important role of existential distress in symptom management

Pavla Navrátilová

Onkologie. 2025:19(3):131-133 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2025.025

This case report describes the case of a patient in whom existential distress significantly contributed to the clinical symptoms of advanced cancer. It highlights the need for a comprehensive approach to assessing symptoms so that they can be treated correctly and in a targeted manner. It provides practical guidance on managing existential issues with the patient.

Febrile neutropenia

Ondřej Lukáč, Lukáš Kohout

Onkologie. 2025:19(3):137-143 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2025.027

Febrile neutropenia represents one of the most serious and common acute situations in oncology. It is defined as a condition in which a cancer patient's temperature rises above 38 °C for more than 1 hour or rises above 38 °C twice in 12 hours, and the neutrophil count is ≤ 0.5 × 10⁹/l or below 1.0 × 10⁹/l with a further decline expected. These infections tend to be very aggressive and unrestricted, and less frequent viral (e. g. CMV infections) or mycotic infections occur. They therefore represent a significant clinical challenge.

Vitamin D and its clinical applications

Michal Kršek

Onkologie. 2025:19(3):144-151

The article reviews current knowledge about vitamin D from the clinical point of view. The basic facts about its forms, physiological effects and metabolism are summarized. From clinical point of view the article deals with the state of supply of vitamin D, vitamin D deficiency and its clinical signs, symptoms and therapy. In paragraphs devoted to the treatment the current knowledge about forms of vitamin D, their indication, doses and dosage regimens are summarized.

The growing challenge of malignant melanoma: Strategies for improving care

Júlia Bartková, Soňa Hrižová, Sandra Harásková, Dušana Selecká, Gabriela Bakšová

Onkologie. 2025:19(3):152-155 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2025.028

Malignant melanoma is one of the most severe forms of skin cancer, characterized by a high risk of metastasis and significant mortality. Although it accounts for only a small proportion of skin tumors, it is responsible for the majority of skin cancer-related deaths. This article focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma, covering the role of healthcare professionals from primary care physicians to dermatovenero­logists and plastic surgeons, while emphasizing the importance of early detection and a comprehensive approach to patient care. The article also highlights the significance of prevention through UV protection and raising awareness...

Hypersensitivity drug reactions and desensitization in oncology

Tomáš Balner, Jaromír Bystroň

Onkologie. 2025:19(3):156-159 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2025.029

Hypersensitivity drug reactions represent an unexpected complication of oncological treatment. They impair the patient's quality of life and may pose a life-threatening risk. Another negative consequence is the necessity to interrupt the administration of first-line oncological therapy, which, in the best-case scenario, can be replaced with an equally effective alternative. However, when no equally effective alternative exists, the only option to maintain the patient on their primary treatment is desensitization. For successful and safe desensitization, risk stratification based on knowledge of the phenotype, endotype, and biomarkers of the prior hypersensitivity...

Cutaneous metastases of carcinomas originating from visceral organs - a contribution to the issue and description of particular cases

Vladimír Bartoš, Michal Urda

Onkologie. 2025:19(3):160-164 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2025.030

Skin metastases of malignant neoplasms originating from visceral organs represent a very complex issue. Most of them are diagnosed in patients with a known primary origin, but more rarely they are the first manifestation of a previously unknown oncological disease. Such cases cause a dilemma in clinical-pathological practice, because determining the origin is often problematic and sometimes it can't even be defined. Herein, we describe the case of a 78-year-old woman with biopsy-confirmed cutaneous metastasis of recurrent ductal breast carcinoma and the case of a 58-year-old man who was diagnosed to have a cutaneous metastasis of previously unknown...

Compensation for interruption of radiotherapy in a patient with oropharyngeal cancer

Zdeňka Pechačová, Radka Lohynská, Tereza Drbohlavová

Onkologie. 2025:19(3):165-168 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2025.032

In squamous cell carcinomas, radiotherapy is often the primary treatment modality and prolonging the overall radiotherapy treatment time may lead to inferior treatment outcomes. Therefore, to achieve maximum benefit for patients, it is essential to apply recommended practices to compensate for interruptions in the radiation series. This case report describes the management of a prolonged pause in treatment in a patient with advanced oropharyngeal cancer and complications from multiple comorbidities.

Looking back at the eight years of providing Mobile Specialized Palliative Care

Monika Marková

Onkologie. 2025:19(3):134-136 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2025.026

In this paper, I look back at the eight years since the moment that mobile hospices acquired their own expertise and the provision of their services, until then unanchored in the system, became a common reimbursed service. I will introduce the rules for the provision of Mobile Specialized Palliative Care services, address the myths that are still encountered when providing these services, and conclude by outlining the possible directions for the development of this young type of health service in one's own social environment.

Zaznělo na kongrese

MUDr. David Salát

Onkologie. 2025:19(3):169-174