Paliativní péče napříč radiační a klinickou onkologií

doc. MUDr. Ladislav Slováček, Ph.D.

Onkologie. 2013:7(5):215  

Karcinom prsu - slovo úvodem

Tomáš Büchler

Onkologie. 2013:7(5):220  

Breast cancer in older women

Jana Hornová, Tomáš Büchler

Onkologie. 2013:7(5):221-224  

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies of the elderly. Despite that, only limited number of studies provide evidence base for decision-making in elderly patients with breast carcinoma in everyday clinical practice. The article provides an overview of current knowledge and recommendations for clinical management of this patient population.

Hereditary breast cancer

Martina Zimovjanová

Onkologie. 2013:7(5):225-228  

Hereditary predisposition causes neoplastic disease in 5–10% of patients with breast cancer. Molecular- genetic testing of high- penetrant genes is standard of clinical care about patients with breast and ovarian cancer, who meet the criteria for testing. Therapy of hereditary mutation associated breast cancer is not different from sporadic breast cancer therapy nowadays. Prognosis of patients with BRCA1, BRCA2 mutation associated breast cancer may be different from sporadic breast cancer patients due to the existing systemic treatment options and higher risk of other malignant disease. The aim of this article is to review the current...

Novel approaches in adjuvant radiotherapy for breast cancer

Renata Soumarová

Onkologie. 2013:7(5):228-231  

Adjuvant radiotherapy is an integral part of partial mastectomy, a fact which is supported by a number of randomized studies. This strategy provides local control and survival comparable to radical mastectomy. Radiotherapy reduces the five-year risk of local recurrence approximately by threefold. In the case of partial resection, postoperative radiotherapy is always indicated and the standard duration is 5–6.5 weeks. Recently, an increasing number of papers on a possible acceleration of the regimen, i.e. reduction in the total time of irradiation treatment, have emerged. Randomized studies show that even a three-week regimen can be adequate...

The new treatment possibilities of the primary unresectable liver tumors

Vladislav Třeška, Jakub Fichtl, Daniel Lysák, František Šlauf, Václav Liška, Alan Sutnar, Tomáš Skalický, Jiří Ferda, Petr Duras, Jan Brůha, Jindřich Fínek

Onkologie. 2013:7(5):231-235  

Introduction: Insufficient future liver remnant volume (FLRV) is the main cause of liver tumors unresectability. Portal vein embolization (PVE) with application of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) can be a matter how to increase resectability of liver tumors. Method: PVE with application of HSC were performed in 12 patients with primary unresectable liver tumors. Results: The procedures were without complications. After 4 weeks the sufficient FRLV grew. Radical liver resection was performed in 8 patients. Tumor progression was pattern in 2 patients and in one patients the sever intraabdominal adhesions were cause of inoperability. One patient...

Advanced prostate cancer and new drugs from medical oncologist’s point of view

Hana Študentová, Vladimír Študent jr., Vladimír Študent, Bohuslav Melichar

Onkologie. 2013:7(5):236-238  

There were several new agents for treatment of advanced prostate cancer registered in Europe in past few years such as abiraterone acetate, enzalutamide and cytotoxic agent cabazitaxel. Because of the new drugs, novel approaches and knowledge of disease pathogenesis we are capable not only to improve patient´s quality of life but also prolong it significantly.

Supportive care in oncology: stimulation of white blood cells

Tomáš Svoboda

Onkologie. 2013:7(5):239-241  

The common side effect of majority of chemotherapy regimens is neutropenia and fibrile neutropenia. Risk of infection development and need of hospitál admission or antibiotik use can be reduces by G-CSF administration. All evaluated characteristics including cost- -effectivity, possibility of full chemotherapy dose administration and even better short-term outcome as far as lower mortality give preference for pegfilgrastim over filgrastim. Definitely, primary rather than secondary prophylaxis should be favoured.

Chemoterapy of advanced gastric cancer - do we need a new drug?

Tomáš Šálek

Onkologie. 2013:7(5):242-244  

Gastric cancer is a lethal disease and continues to be the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Surgical resection remains the main treatment for early stages with complete resection having the potential for a cure. Unfortunately, most patients with gastric cancer are diagnosed in advanced stages, rendering palliative systemic therapy as the only choice of treatment. The most common chemotherapy combination as a first-line treatment in advanced gastric cancer (AGC) includes a platinum compound and fluoropyrimidine. Fluoropyrimidines have been the backbone in the chemotherapy regimens for the treatment of gastric cancer. Teysuno®...

Novel predictive biomarker RAS: a crossroads or continuing the path taken?

Luboš Holubec, Ondřej Fiala, Lucie Šefrhansová, Matějka Vít Martin, Václav Liška, Vladislav Třeška, Jindřich Fínek

Onkologie. 2013:7(5):246-248  

Colorectal cancer has the highest incidence rate in the Czech Republic and occupies one of the leading positions in incidence worldwide. Only patients with resectable distant metastases have hope for a cure. Prolongation of survival and improvement in the quality of life thus remain the main goal of cancer treatment. The possibilities of classic chemotherapy appear to be currently exhausted. Further prolongation of survival of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) has been provided by targeted biological therapy. It is crucial to find suitable predictive biomarkers that will allow identification of a target population of patients....

The use of biological activity of quercetin in cancer therapy

Barbora Novotná, Lenka Borská, Zdeněk Fiala, Jan Krejsek

Onkologie. 2013:7(5):248-252  

This review deals with biological activity of quercetin with the use of newer data from PubMed database. Quercetin is a flavonoid of natural origin possessing antiinflamatory and antioxidative properties. Studies of quercetin effects on normal and tumor cells are resulting in a new information about posibilities of quercetin use in cancer therapy. These studies on quercetin cellular effects in cancer cells elucidated the fact that quercetin application leads in these cells to significant increase of apoptotic processes when these cells produce protein p53. Increased production of protein p53 is accompanied by an activation of AMPK (AMP-activated...

Adenoma of parathyroid gland

Luděk Hnízdil, Iva Procházková, Václav Jedlička, Jan Žák, Jan Kalač, Jan Wechsler, Ivan Čapov

Onkologie. 2013:7(5):252-255  

Hyperparathyreosis is one of the diseases whose incidence has been increasing. Vast majority of hyperparathyreosis (about 80 %) is made up by adenomas. Carcinoma of parathyroid glands is very rare. Ultrasonography, scintigraphy, most frequently 99mTc-MIBI and CT are standardly being used for localization of the adenomas of parathyorid glands. Operation is a standard medical method in the process of determinating the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyreosis. Peroperative ultrasonography has irreplaceable position. 21 patients with diagnosis of adenoma of parathyroid glands which was histologically confirmed in 19 patiens have been operated in...

Patient with metastatic breast cancer and complet response during treatment with regimen paclitaxel and bevacizumab

Dagmar Brančíková, Markéta Protivánková, Lenka Ostřížková, Pavel Szturz, Otakar Bednařík, Zdeněk Mechl

Onkologie. 2013:7(5):256-258  

Background: The role of the bevacizumab in the treatment metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is not clear. The studies fase III (E2100, RIBBON- 1) can declare profit for groups of patients treated with bevacizumab and standart first line of chemotherapy (high number of responses and longer overal survival). Case: We present the case of a patient with MBC triplet negative high grade with imperative symptomas (nauzea, anorexia, weight loss and pain) The patient was treated with chemotherapy bevacizumab and paclitaxel within 26 months. Complet remission was declared by CT/PET scan and first progression we detected 48 months later. Conclusion: A...

Needs of parents of children with cancer through the eyes of parents and nurses

Lucie Sikorová, Andrea Filová

Onkologie. 2013:7(5):263-266  

The moment a child becomes ill with cancer, the needs and priorities of parents are in some way transformed, and the ill child becomes the focus of the attention. The aim of this research was to identify the needs of parents of children with cancer and perception of these needs by nurses. The research sample included 100 parents of children with cancer who were hospitalized with the child in the Faculty Hospital Ostrava or in the Faculty Hospital in Prague Motol. The second sample consisted of 70 nurses working in the same facilities with cancer ill children and their parents. A standardized questionnaire Needs of Parents Questionnaire (NPQ)...

Význam průkazu RAS mutací pro anti-EGFR protilátky v léčbě 1. linie metastazujícího kolorektálního karcinomu

Jan Bauer

Onkologie. 2013:7(5):260-261