Pozitivní emoce a zdraví

MUDr. Karel Nešpor, CSc.

Onkologie. 2015:9(6)  

Advanced pancreatic cancer

Miroslav Ryska, Hana Parobková, Pavel Záruba, Luboš Petruželka

Onkologie. 2015:9(6):264-267  

Pancreatic cancer is a solid, malignant, unpreventable, chemoradioresistant tumour with an unfavourable prognosis. Radical resection is the only potentially curable treatment modality that, coupled with adjuvant chemotherapy, significantly prolongs the survival in 20% of patients. In a proportion of primary unresectable patients (borderline), an active approach is currently preferred that utilizes neoadjuvant chemo(radio)therapy in order to reach subsequent resection. In approximately 70% of patients, palliative or symptomatic treatment is indicated. When pancreatic cancer is suspected, it is necessary to refer the patient as soon as possible...

Anal cancer

Pavel Vítek, Jan Novotný

Onkologie. 2015:9(6):268-271  

Cancer of the anus (anal canal) is a less frequent malignant disease of gastrointestinal tract, specified by micromorphology, squamous cell carcinoma. In about 90 % HPV-16 infection and immunosuppression are involved in cancerogenesis. Therefore the incidence is higher in HIV positive population. The relationship to HPV allows primary prevention through vaccination as well as targeted biologic therapy (e.g. nivolumab). Current treatment options consist predominantly in chemoradiotherapy. Standard treatment is based on several fundamental studies conducted after 1980. It consists in frontline chemoradiotherapy of primary tumor and regional lymph...

Gastric cancer

David Hoskovec

Onkologie. 2015:9(6):272-276  

Incidence of the gastric cancer in the Czech Republic is decreasing but a prognosis is doubtful due to late diagnosis. Adequate surgical resection is the only chance to cure this disease. Oncological treatment supplements surgery. The article is focused on contemporary diagnosis and treatment of the gastric cancer

New agents for treatment of gastric cancer

Radka Obermannová, Kristýna Melichárková, Rostislav Vyzula

Onkologie. 2015:9(6):277-281  

Gastric cancer is the third most common cause of cancer death worldwide. Although the overall incidence and mortality of this disease have dramatically declined over the last few decades, the prognosis remains poor with the five year overall survival rate approaching zero. Targeted therapy may offer new possibilities for the treatment of gastric cancer. Only two targeted agents have reached common use in a metastatic setting: trastuzumab and ramucirumab. Trastuzumab monoclonal HER2 antibody used in combination with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone, demonstrated a significant increase in overall survival in HER2 positive patients treated...

Current options of chemoradiotherapy treatment in locally advanced rectal carcinoma

Igor Richter, Josef Dvořák, Jiří Bartoš, Peter Hromádka, Jiří Škach

Onkologie. 2015:9(6):282-286  

The standard treatment of locally advanced rectal carcinoma is neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by total mesorectal excision. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy has demostrated lower incidence of local recurrence and better profile of toxicity then adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. The next article presents current view on treatment options, controversial issues and used the targeted treatment in locally advanced rectal carcinoma.

Controversies in the hormonal treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer

Jana Katolická

Onkologie. 2015:9(6):288-290  

Abiraterone and enzalutmide also led to an improved overal survival in docetaxel-treated patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer. Both have also been studied in chemotherapy –naive patients. Abiraterone and enzalutamide have less toxicity when compared to chemotherapeutic options. It is now clear that cross resistance is a potential therapeutic issue between hormonal agents.

Venous access for mid- and long-term anticancer treatment

Viktor Maňásek

Onkologie. 2015:9(6):293-296  

The choice of adequate venous access device is a key issue in oncology since anticancer drug therapy is administered via the parenteral route predominantly. An increasing importance of this topic has been observed with the expansion of various types of venous catheters available. In some cases, long-term therapy places a heavy burden on the peripheral venous system because many substances have unsatisfactory properties for peripheral administration – mainly the pH, osmolality and chemical structure. A long-term central venous access device offers a way to spare the peripheral venous system, prevents extravasation, and can be used for...

Diagnosis and treatment of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia - a view from clinical practice

Peter Rohoň, Petra Bělohlávková, Zuzana Rusiňáková, Vít Procházka, Eva Kadlčková, Luděk Raida, Alžběta Zavřelová, Marie Jarošová, Pavel Žák, Karel Indrák

Onkologie. 2015:9(6):298-303  

Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a hematopoietic stem cells disorder, it carries myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative features. CMML occurs rarely, especially in the elderly, and often transforms into acute myelogenous leukemia. Recently, in a large proportion of patients sophisticated molecular-biology technologies can determine mutations in epigenetic regulatory genes (e.g. TET2, ASXL1, …) that modify chromatin condensation and also gene expression. These facts support the inclusion of hypomethylating agents (HMA) in the standard treatment of CMML and opened the gates for the use of other new molecules. The aim of this paper...