Slovo úvodem

doc. MUDr. Renata Soumarová, Ph.D., MBA

Onkologie. 2019:13(6):247  

Adaptive radiotherapy for head and neck cancer

Martin Doležel, Marek Pavlíček, Karel Odrážka, Jaroslav Vaňásek

Onkologie. 2019:13(6):250-254  

Radiotherapy is a commonly applied treatment modality in head and neck cancer patients. However, because of set-up errors and anatomic changes during the course of radiotherapy, the dose actually given to the patient can deviate from the planned dose. We transferred, checked and modified individual contours of target volumes and organs at risk from the planning CTs to each of 660 CBCTs using deformable registration in 20 consecutive patients with head and neck cancer undergoing image-guided radical radiotherapy with RapidArc using the LD 70 Gy dose in 33 fractions. The real dose distribution was calculated and the dose was summed from all 33 fractions....

Abscopal effect following stereotactic radiotherapy with the CyberKnife device

Jakub Cvek

Onkologie. 2019:13(6):255-259  

Stereotactic radiotherapy has seen extraordinary development in the last decade. This has been made possible by the availability of online verification systems, making it in fact an improvement or extension of image-guided radiotherapy. Extracranial stereotactic radiotherapy exhibits high efficacy and a very favorable side effect profile in a number of conditions. The requirement is, however, administration of high (ablative) doses into the smallest possible volumes. Therefore, it is a procedure requiring a precise execution of all parts of the process, ranging from navigation methods to optimization of dose distribution in defined volumes to irradiation...

Cardiac toxicity of radiotherapy

Vladimír Rak, Petr Burkoň, Tomáš Kazda, Ludmila Hynková, Pavel Šlampa

Onkologie. 2019:13(6):260-264  

Radiotherapy is one of the main treatment options in cancer patients. It’s use can, unfortunately, lead to serious and longtermside effects. Heart is one of the organs, that can be affected by radiotherapy and prevention or at least reduction of this toxicityis critical. To achieve this, it is important to know the different types of cardiac side effects, it’s sensitivity to ionizing radiation,factors influencing this risk and strategies to minimise it.

Neoadjuvant treatment of early breast cancer

Vlastimila Čmejlová

Onkologie. 2019:13(6):266-272  

Neoadjuvant treatment of early and locally advanced cancer is considered to be an integral part of modern anticancer treatment. Its advantage is comparable to adjuvant treatment in terms of disease-free survival and survival. Try neoadjuvant treatment with operatively advanced disease, downstaging, find the biological properties of the tumor including prognostic information, reduce the radicality of the operation and wait for the determination of genetic tests (BRCA 1.2). In recent years it has been possible to administer high-risk patients with an early stage of the disease in an effort to give pathological complete remissions, which in particular...

Head and Neck Cancer Immunotherapy

David Vrána

Onkologie. 2019:13(6):273-277  

Immunotherapy represents a perspective treatment modality which has quickly established its position in several tumor types. Due to the high mutation burden of head and neck tumors there was an assumption of immunotherapy efficacy. The phase I clinical trials were in line with these preclinical assumptions and phase II and III trials have confirmed the effectivity of nivolumab in second palliative lines and in the case of pemrolizumab as weel as in the first palliative line of recurrent and methastatic head and neck cancer where they have showed superiority over current treatment standards. Unfortunatelly, at this moment despite ongoing registrations...

How, when, and why to evaluate the therapeutic response to checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy in treating advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma

Luboš Petruželka

Onkologie. 2019:13(6):278-281  

Immunotherapy is a part of the treatment algorithm for advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma. When evaluating the therapeuticresponse in patients treated with immunotherapy on imaging studies, the iRECIST criteria are used and, during treatment,pseudoprogression and hyperprogression of the disease must be kept in mind. Correct identification of disease progression,pseudoprogression, and hyperprogression along with timely identification and treatment of immune-related adverse effectsresults in maximization of immunotherapy effect not only in patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma.

Immunotherapy in patients with brain metastases

Jindřich Kopecký

Onkologie. 2019:13(6):283-286  

Metastatic involvement of the brain is one of the most common neurological complications of cancer. And its presence is an importantnegative prognostic factor. Currently, the treatment of brain metastases is predominantly solved by radiotherapy and toa lesser extent surgically. Systemic treatment in these patients is successful in little proportion. With the advent of immunotherapy,there is a new therapeutical approach to brain metastases. We are witnesses that for selected patients with cerebral metastases,immunotherapy presents opportunities for prolonging life with good quality of life.

Prognostic and predictive markers in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) – 2nd part

Martin Svatoň

Onkologie. 2019:13(6):287-291  

This second part of the article on prognostic and predictive markers in NSCLC addresses other potentially useful genes / proteinsexcept tyrosine kinases that were described in the first part. There are mentioned genes with key pathways in tumor growth andmetastasis as well as hormonal, epigenetic and immunohistochemical and proteomic mechanisms. Special attention is also paidto markers associated with the prediction of immunotherapy and chemotherapy.

Tumor duplicity in an intramammary lymph node

Jana Mergancová, Jindřiška Mergancová, Ivana Hrnčířová Zimová, Mária Hácová, Iveta Kolářová, Irena Vyhnánková

Onkologie. 2019:13(6):293-296  

A positive intramammary lymph node in a patient with breast cancer is not such an exceptional finding, but it does provoke discussion whether there is the real necessity of axilla exenteration in a negative axillary sentinel node. A positive intramammary node is rare in malignant melanoma, particularly if the node is not marked as a sentinel node in the preoperative lymphoscintigraphy. Here we present a case history of a woman with a synchronous carcinoma – malignant melanoma under her right ribs and also with carcinoma in her right breast. Simultaneously, metastases from both the melanoma and the carcinoma occur in her intramammary node.

Plicní rocháda aneb držte nemoci plic v šachu

Karel Ćwiertka, Aleš Ryška, Vítězslav Kolek, Martina Vašáková, Martina Šterclová

Onkologie. 2019:13(6):298-302