Editorial
Karcinom prostaty: integrace lokální, systémové a teranostické léčby v éře personalizované onkologie
doc. MUDr. Hana Študentová, Ph.D.
Onkologie. 2026:20(3):127
Main topic
Individualization of systemic treatment for advanced prostate cancer
Jana Katolická
Onkologie. 2026:20(3):130-135 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2026.024
Advanced prostate cancer represents a heterogeneous disease with diverse biological characteristics, clinical course, and treatment responses. In recent years, there has been a significant expansion of therapeutic options, which places increased demands on the individualization of treatment strategies. The aim of this article is to summarize the current options for systemic therapy of advanced prostate cancer and to emphasize the importance of a personalized approach based on clinical, laboratory, imaging, and molecular-genetic characteristics of both the patient and the tumor.
Diagnosis and treatment of biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer after radical therapy
Otakar Čapoun
Onkologie. 2026:20(3):136-140 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2026.025
Biochemical recurrence (BCR) of prostate cancer represents a common clinical scenario after radical prostatectomy (RP) or radiotherapy (RT), with heterogeneous biological behavior ranging from indolent disease to rapid metastatic progression. Appropriate interpretation of BCR requires a precise definition according to the type of primary treatment, assessment of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) kinetics, and risk stratification. Positron emission tomography targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen enables localization of recurrence even at low PSA levels and significantly influences the selection and targeting of salvage treatment. In patients with...
Radiation therapy for advanced prostate cancer
Igor Richter, Josef Dvořák
Onkologie. 2026:20(3):141-145 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2026.026
Radiotherapy is an important treatment modalities for prostate cancer. It is most often used as the primary treatment of localized disease. Actually is discussed the role of radiotherapy in the treatment of advanced disease. The aim may be local irradiation of the prostate in the case of de novo diagnosed metastatic prostate cancer or local irradiation of metastases. Especially with the development of modern diagnostic methods, oligometastatic disease is being diagnosed. In these patients, targeted irradiation of metastases with a higher dose using stereotactic radiotherapy methods can be considered.
Intensification of systemic therapy in a patient with de novo metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer
Pavel Vlček
Onkologie. 2026:20(3):146-149 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2026.027
The treatment landscape for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer has undergone significant shifts in recent years. The current standard of care has transitioned toward combination regimens integrating androgen deprivation therapy with androgen receptor signaling inhibitors, and potentially docetaxel-based chemotherapy. This intensified approach facilitates a delay in disease progression to the castration-resistant stage and significantly extends overall survival. The presented case report documents the clinical application of a "triplet therapy" (ADT, darolutamide, docetaxel) in a patient diagnosed with high-risk de novo metastatic prostate cancer.
From detection to destruction: a theranostic approach to prostate cancer
Veronika Ičová, Libuše Quinn, Lenka Henzlová, Milan Kamínek
Onkologie. 2026:20(3):150-154 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2026.028
Theranostics represents a concept wherein the same or similar targeting molecules are used both for diagnostic imaging and targeted radionuclide therapy. In prostate cancer, it involves the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) whose expression correlates with how aggressive and advanced the disease is. The article summarizes the current diagnostic options using positron emission tomography with prostate-specific membrane antigen ligands (PSMA PET/CT) labelled with the radionuclides 68Ga or 18F and radioligand therapy (RLT) using 177Lu-PSMA-617 in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC)....
Metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer, new treatments
Jan Dvořák, Renata Soumarová, Martin Palkovský
Onkologie. 2026:20(3):155-162 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2026.029
Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies in men. In recent years, it has significantly expanded to include biological, or targeted therapy. Biological treatment includes mainly drugs that interfere with androgen signaling, therapy focused on specific molecular pathways and features. The aim of this article is to present recent developments in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer and to indicate possible future directions of development.
Review articles
Multidisciplinary collaboration in radioligand therapy of prostate cancer
Otakar Čapoun, Martin Matějů, Stanislav Hloušek, Vladimír Černý, Petr Hanuš, Iva Macová, Václav Ptáčník, Peter Papp, David Zogala
Onkologie. 2026:20(3):163-168 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2026.030
Radioligand therapy (RLT) targeting the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) represents a significant advance in the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. The implementation of this modality into clinical practice places high demands on appropriate patient selection, organizational support, and the safe delivery of treatment. This article summarizes the role of the multidisciplinary team (MDT) in PSMA-targeted RLT for prostate cancer and outlines the key responsibilities of individual specialists, including the clinical oncologist, urologist, nuclear medicine physician, radiologist, and specialized nurse. Particular attention...
Case report
Immunohistochemical expression of DNA repair proteins and its association with treatment outcomes in laryngeal carcinoma
Zdeňka Pechačová, Radka Lohynská, Zuzana Špůrková, Vratislav Šedivec, Marián Švajdler, Tereza Drbohlavová, Petra Tesařová, Miloslav Pála
Onkologie. 2026:20(3):169-175 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2026.031
Background: Radiotherapy represents a key treatment modality for laryngeal carcinoma. Proteins involved in DNA repair may influence tumour radiosensitivity as well as treatment outcomes and radiation-related toxicity. Patients and Methods: In 108 patients with laryngeal carcinoma treated with (chemo)radiotherapy, immunohistochemical expression of DNA repair proteins was assessed in pretreatment biopsy specimens and correlated with treatment outcomes. Results: Higher MRE11 expression was associated with early clinical stage (I-II) (p < 0.001), improved overall survival (p < 0.001), and longer progression-free survival (p = 0.025). Expression of...
Malignant phyllodes tumor of the breast: clinical case and review of the literature
Zuzana Bielčiková, Barbora Englcová, David Erhart
Onkologie. 2026:20(3):176-180 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2026.032
Malignant phyllodes tumor (MPT) of the breast is a rare entity, typically characterized by an aggressive clinical course with rapid tumor growth. Surgery remains the only treatment modality firmly established in current therapeutic recommendations; however, achieving adequate surgical margins may be challenging in many cases. Neither adjuvant radiotherapy nor chemotherapy has been shown to improve overall survival, and their use is largely based on retrospective data. This article presents several case reports and summarizes the current knowledge regarding malignant phyllodes tumors and their management.
Heard at a congress
Naděje pro pacienty s pokročilým mCRC - fruchintinib jako účinná volba po více než roce klinických zkušeností
MUDr. Zuzana Zafarová
Onkologie. 2026:20(3):181-187
Využíváme antiemetickou profylaxi v onkologii dostatečně?
MUDr. Zuzana Zafarová
Onkologie. 2026:20(3):188-191
Myslíme u onkologických pacientů dostatečně na suplementaci magnéziem, kalciem a vitaminem D?
MUDr. Zuzana Zafarová
Onkologie. 2026:20(3):192-194