Jak klikatá je cesta onkologického pacienta k onkologovi

Mgr. Libuše Kalvodová

Onkologie. 2011:5(4):195  

Karcinom ledviny - slovo úvodem

Bohuslav Melichar

Onkologie. 2011:5(4):199  

Contemporary view on strategy of metastatic renal cell carcinoma therapy

Bohuslav Melichar, Hana Procházková-Študentová, Michaela Zezulová

Onkologie. 2011:5(4):200-202  

The last 10 years have witnessed a fundamental progress in the therapy of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. The development of targeted therapy against vascular endotheial growth factor and mammalian target of rapamycin pathways has lead to the introduction of a number of new agents, including sunitinib, sorafenib, bevacizumab, temsirolimus and everolimus into the treatment of this tumor. Other drugs are in final phase of development and, currently, the research is focused on defining the optimal algorithm of targeted therapy in this tumor.

Targeted therapy of renal carcinoma

Hana Procházková-Študentová, Bohuslav Melichar

Onkologie. 2011:5(4):204-206  

Renal cancer differs from other tumours by its biological behaviour, having an impact on its therapeutic approach. Due to chemoresistance, targeted therapy plays a major role in the treatment of renal carcinoma, targeting mainly vascular endothelial growth factor, a keystone in renal carcinoma etiopathogenesis and progression.

Cytokines in treating metastatic renal cell carcinoma: past and present

Michaela Zezulová, Bohuslav Melichar

Onkologie. 2011:5(4):207-209  

The article summarizes the use of cytokines in treating metastatic renal cell carcinoma from the time when, given the radioresistant and chemoresistant properties of renal cell carcinoma, they were virtually the only systemic therapy until present day when they give way and are being replaced with new biological agents, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors or mTOR inhibitors. It is only interferon-α in combination with bevacizumab (a monoclonal antibody against VEGF) that has retained its position as one of the therapeutic options in the first-line treatment for mRCC. The article also deals with the mechanisms of effects of cytokines, including...

Screening and early diagnosis of colorectal cancer - current status in the regions of the Czech Republic

Miroslav Zavoral, Štěpán Suchánek, Gabriela Vepřeková, Ondřej Májek, Jakub Gregor, Ladislav Dušek

Onkologie. 2011:5(4):210-214  

The Czech Republic belongs to the countries with highest colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence worldwide which differs in regions of this country. The Pilsner region stands out in all epidemiologic features (incidence, mortality, prevalence). The proportion of CRC as the second metachronous primary malignant disease has increased in past ten years, due to the elongation of life expectancy. The National colorectal cancer screening programme was launched in year 2000. Nowadays two screening methods (fecal occult glood tests and primary screening colonoscopy) are offered to asymptomatic individuals aged over 57 255 people have been examined by colonoscopy...

Treatment of colorectal cancer in 2011

Tomáš Büchler

Onkologie. 2011:5(4):215-218  

Complete surgical removal of the primary tumour and regional lymph nodes is the most important step in curative treatment of nonmetastatic colorectal cancer. Adjuvant chemotherapy significantly increases the proportion of patients surviving long-term without evidence of disease. Chemotherapy and targeted therapy have become the mainstay of metastatic colorectal cancer treatment. It is critical to identify those patients with metastatic disease who could benefit from metastasectomy.

Cetuximab expands treatment options of head and neck cancer

Zdeněk Mechl, Jana Neuwirthová

Onkologie. 2011:5(4):219-224  

Head and neck cancers are best managed in a multidisciplinary setting. Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy and, more recently, biologic therapy are often employed in various combinations in an attempt to eradicate both clinically apparent and occult disease. This article aims to review the expanding role of novel targeted agent cetuximab, an epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist, and review the current state of the data on the use of this drug in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Multidisciplinary approach in the therapy of gastrointestinal stromal tumors

Bohuslav Melichar, Michaela Zezulová, Hana Procházková-Študentová

Onkologie. 2011:5(4):226-229  

The therapy of gastrointestinal stromal tumors may serve as an example of success of multidisciplinary approach in the therapy of malignant disorders. A significant progress in the therapy of metastatic GIST was obtained with the use of molecular targeted therapy (imatinib). The advent of targeted therapy also resulted in improved possibilities of surgical intervention and imatinib is currently used in the adjuvant as well as neoadjuvant indication. Close collaboration between surgical and medical oncologist as well as the concentration of patients with this rare tumor to specialized centers are of fundamental importance for optimal therapy...

Philadelphia chromosome positive adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia

František Folber, Eva Létalová, Michael Doubek

Onkologie. 2011:5(4):230-233  

Philadelphia chromosome positive adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia with BCR/ABL fusion gene is an aggressive hematological malignancy most common in the elderly. Both chemotherapy and a tyrosine kinase inhibitor are engaged in the treatment. The best outcome can eventually be achieved using allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. However, only a minority of patients can undergo such intensive therapy. Disease relapse is associated with an extremely dismal prognosis.

Primary cilia and their biological functions

Josef Dvořák, Veronika Sitorová, Dimitar Hadži Nikolov, Jaroslav Mokrý, Igor Richter, Stanislav Filip, Aleš Ryška, Jiří Petera

Onkologie. 2011:5(4):234-238  

The primary cilium is a sensory organelle protruding in the quiescent phase of the cell cycle from the surface of the majority of human cells, including embryonic cells, stem cells and stromal cells of malignant tumors. The presence of primary cilium on the cell surface is transient, limited to the quiescent G1 (G0) phase, as well as the beginning of the S phase of the cell cycle. Primary cilium is formed from the centriole. Most cancer cells do not posses the primary cilium, with some exceptions, such as tumors depending on the Hedgehog pathway -e.g. basal cell carcinoma or medulloblastoma. The primary cilium is present also in cells of triple...

Curative radiotherapy in combination with cetuximab as organ-preserving treatment in advanced laryngeal cancer

Miloslav Pála, Petra Holečková, Martin Mašek

Onkologie. 2011:5(4):239-240  

Approximately two thirds of ENT tumours are diagnosed as locoregionally advanced with a high tendency to recur and low overall survival. Initial therapeutic approaches include primary surgery with post-operative radio(chemo)therapy or primary definitive radiochemotherapy. The aim of the treatment is to achieve maximum control over the cancer while maintaining the best possible subsequent quality of life. Higher efficacy of radiochemotherapy versus radiotherapy alone is, however, associated with a higher rate of acute and late toxicity. A randomized clinical study comparing radiotherapy alone and radiotherapy in combination with cetuximab, a...

Cetuximab in combination with irinotecan administered once in two weeks in a female patient with generalized

Markéta Pospíšková

Onkologie. 2011:5(4):242-243  

colorectal cancer in third-line treatment Colorectal cancer is among the most common malignancies in the developed countries and the Czech Republic is the leading country in terms of its incidence worldwide. The annual incidence in the Czech Republic exceeds 7 000 persons. Primarily, 20 % of patients are diagnosed with stage IV and nearly half of the patients develop metastases during the course of the disease. In the past 15 years, oncological treatment for metastatic disease has made significant progress. Treatment with fluorouracil has become a standard; its modulation with leucovorin has resulted in a prolonged median survival in infusion...

Biopsychosocial model of oncological disorder

Jaroslava Raudenská

Onkologie. 2011:5(4):244-246  

Cancer is the second leading cause of the death in the world´s developed and underdeveloped countries. Occurs in people of all ages, but the incidence increases with the age. Psychological, behavioral and social factors play critical roles in cancer etiology and its treatment and are instrumental in an individual´s adjustment to cancer. This article consequently leads to better understanding of the psychological and social processes influencing cancer and health outcomes. Describes in introduction biopsychosocial model of cancer and defends it as a necessary contribution to the scientific clinical metod. Farther discusses the role of psychological...

2011 International Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer/International Society for Oral Oncology Symposium 23.-25. June 2011, Athens, Greece

Ladislav Slováček

Onkologie. 2011:5(4):248-249  

Autodidaktický test 4/2011

Onkologie. 2011:5(4):250