Oncology, 2014, issue 5

Editorial

Vzdělávání lékařů - včera - dnes - zítra?

prof. MUDr. Václav Zamrazil, DrSc.

Onkologie. 2014:8(5):195

Main topic

Nádory ledvin

MUDr. Jiří Tomášek, Ph.D.

Onkologie. 2014:8(5):198

Kidney cancer: A Medical Oncologist’s Perspective

Jiří Tomášek

Onkologie. 2014:8(5):199-200

Therapeutic algorithm of metastatic renal cancer is complex. There are often several treatment possibilities. Selection of the optimal treatment depends on the nature of the tumor, the patient‘s performance status, comorbidity and the drug potential toxicity.

Kidney cancer from the perspective of urologist

Ivan Kolombo, Petr Klézl, Jiří Klečka, Lukáš Bittner, Věra Mašková, Miroslav Hruška, Jindřich Šonský, Petr Nencka, Alexandra Gregušová, Jaroslav Jílek, Tomáš Baitler, Grill Robert

Onkologie. 2014:8(5):201-207

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most malignant urological tumour and the incidence of RCC in the Czech Republic is currently highest in the world. In recent years a new findings in molecular pathophysiology improve our knowledge and ability. Kidney cancer is associated with seven different genes and is characterized nowadays as metabolic disease. Improved diagnosis and development of new treatment methods allows much greater individualization of the care. A significant proportion of patients with RCC is still primarily diagnosed in an advanced stage of disease or progression occurs during the follow up. The basis of the care for patients...

Radiotherapy for renal-cell carcinoma

Jana Zitterbartová, Petr Burkoň, Ludmila Hynková, Pavel Šlampa

Onkologie. 2014:8(5):208-211

Treatment of renal cell carcinoma with ionizing radiation is currently on the border between the modern concept. Radiotherapy, which always belonged to the domain of palliative treatment of renal carcinoma, finds new application in the treatment of primary and metastatic lesions in the form of ablative doses exceeding traditionally reported radioresistance. The use of modern techniques of stereotactic irradiation offers patients an effective gentle treatment with a high probability of local control and prolonged symptom-free period. Hand in hand with targeted medical treatment further contributes to the treatment of metastatic disease. Palliative...

Review articles

The importance of cooperation between urologist and oncologist in the treatment of castration-resistant

Otakar Čapoun

Onkologie. 2014:8(5):212-218

prostate cancer Treatment of prostate cancer has become more complex in recent years, mainly due to the onset of new cytotoxic agents, antiandrogens and radiopharmaceuticals. The problem of sequential therapy will probably never be resolved, because there will always be new drugs involved in the therapeutic algorithms. It is always necessary to take into account the patient’s preferences, his performance status and comorbidities, and unfortunately also the possibilities of different departments. Groups of patients entering clinical trials are highly selected and do not reflect the reality of daily practice. Multidisciplinary teams with...

Predictive biomarker RAS: a crossroads or continuing the path taken - summer update 2014

Luboš Holubec, Ondřej Fiala, Vít Martin Matějka, Václav Liška, Vladislav Třeška, Jindřich Fínek

Onkologie. 2014:8(5):219-222

Colorectal cancer has the highest incidence rate in the Czech Republic and occupies one of the leading positions in incidence worldwide. Only patients with resectable distant metastases have hope for a cure. Prolongation of survival and improvement in the quality of life thus remain the main goal of cancer treatment. The possibilities of classic chemotherapy appear to be currently exhausted. Further prolongation of survival of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) has been provided by targeted biological therapy. It is crucial to find suitable predictive biomarkers that will allow identification of a target population of patients....

Hormonal Treatment of Breast Cancer Patients by Tamoxifen and its Influence

Marie Bendová, Eduard Kučera

Onkologie. 2014:8(5):222-227

to Endometrium from Gynaecologist´s Point of View Author describes hormonal treatment of breast cancer pacients and review gynaecological care from prevention and diagnostics to monitoring of the first line hormonal treatment. Reasons of increasing breast cancer incidence are discussed and historical overview of hormonal treatment posibilities in pacients with breast cancer is summarized. The main part of the article characterizes influence of tamoxifen into woman organism, especially in her genital tract (endometrium changes) and side effects are analysed. The retrospective trial (Dept.Obst. and Gyn. 3-rd Medical Faculty) focusing pathological...

Hormonal therapy for prostate cancer

Jana Katolická

Onkologie. 2014:8(5):228-230

Prostate cancer is initially a hormone-sensitive disease. The mainstay of treatment is androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in combination with radiotherapy in localized disease with no evidence of distant metastases in high-risk patients. Pharmacological or surgical castration in monotherapy is also used in the first-line treatment of metastatic disease. Hormonal therapy has been shown to have an effect on survival in castration-resistant disease. The results of studies with abiraterone and enzalutamide have shown that antiandrogens can be expected to be beneficial in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) even after pretreatment...

Targeted therapy versus conventional cytostatics

Roman Goněc, Šárka Kozáková

Onkologie. 2014:8(5):231-233

Targeted therapy represents leading branch of oncological research. Understanding of molecular phenomena that stand behind cancer processes enables us to use drugs that are targeted against these processes. Either monoclonal antibodies, e.g. protein molecules, or small drugs, i.e. smaller chemical entities are involved. In both cases, the target is protein molecule exprimed by tumour cell. Conventional cytostatics play still major role in the therapy of oncological diseases. This is based on much experience with their use as well as the fact that for some diagnoses there have not been any targeted drugs available yet. The properties of both...

Case report

Case report of a patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma and idiopathic thrombocytopenic

Dagmar Brančíková, Zdeněk Mechl, Yvona Brychtová

Onkologie. 2014:8(5):234-235

purpura treated with sunitinib In a patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma, concomitantly treated with corticoids because of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), an unusually long survival of 70 months with minimal toxicity has been achieved using sunitinib. In patients with renal cell cancer toxicity of systemic therapy could be a serious and limiting factor. In this patient with serious comorbidity, therapy with sunitinib resulted in significant clinical result without any major toxicity.