Oncology, 2017, issue 4
Editorial
Rakovina – nemoc celé rodiny
Mgr. Radka Alexandrová
Onkologie. 2017:11(4):159 
Main topic
Slovo úvodem k hlavnímu tématu – Přístupy k léčbě karcinomu prsu
Jitka Abrahámová
Onkologie. 2017:11(4):164-166 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2017.031
Strategies for managing endocrine resistance in advanced hormone receptor-positive
and HER2-negative breast cancer
Jitka Abrahámová
Onkologie. 2017:11(4):167-174 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2017.032
Hormone therapy is a fundamental therapeutic modality in advanced hormone receptor-positive (HR) and HER2-negative breastcancer. Its use is clearly superior to chemotherapy. It is known that, sooner or later, resistance to hormone therapy will occur.Everolimus (Afinitor®) – an mTOR inhibitor used in the second line of treatment in combination with exemestane – was the firstdrug to have broken and delayed hormone resistance. Other drugs to have reached a similar goal by a different mechanisminclude palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib – cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK 4/6) that are very effective in thefirst line...
Up to date opinions regarding treatment of lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)
Lucie Betlachová
Onkologie. 2017:11(4):175-178 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2017.033
Both the implementation of mammography screening and progress in breast cancer diagnostics cause raise of the number ofpatients with LCIS and especially with DCIS. Presence of LCIS in a breast (except pleomorphic LCIS) is a marker of risk of invasivebreast cancer development for both breasts. Therapy of DCIS is locoregional with the goal of local recurrence prevention orprevention of invasive breast cancer development. Chemoprevention with tamoxifen is added to the locoregional therapy inindicated cases. Methods for the local recurrence risk assessment do not follow the progress in diagnostics. Postoperative radiotherapyafter tumorectomy due to DCIS...
Latest views on adjuvant radiation treatment of early breast cancer
Radek Zapletal, Jiří Kubeš
Onkologie. 2017:11(4):179-184 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2017.034
Postoperative radiotherapy of breast cancer is one of the most common indications of radiation therapy. The aim of irradiation isto reduce the risk of local recurrence and to prolong overall survival. Even this treatment goes through its development, which isconditioned by the improvement of the technical possibilities of radiotherapy, and which is aimed at the benefit to the patient.New directions in breast cancer radiotherapy include, for example, hypofractionation, accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI),proton beam irradiation, and irradiation in deep respiratory breathold.
Management of HER2-positive breast cancer, escalation and de-escalation of the therapy
Ludmila Boublíková, Drahomíra Kordíková
Onkologie. 2017:11(4):186-191 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2017.035
HER2 overexpression is present in 15–25% of breast cancers and is related to specific biologic features and treatment response,constituting a strong predictive factor. Targeted anti-HER2 therapy has improved significantly the prognosis of patients withthis type of tumor and is a standard component of all adjuvant, neoadjuvant and palliative treatment regimens, except for verysmall tumors of the earliest stages (pT1a pN0). HER2-targeting agents belong to two different groups: monoclonal antibodiesand tyrosine kinase inhibitors. They are combined with chemotherapy – mostly taxanes, and/or hormonal therapy, or may becombined together; this...
Promising treatment options of triple negative breast cancer
Josef Dvořák, Drahomíra Kordíková, Katarína Lajbl Večeřová, Igor Richter, Jana Hornová, Aneta Rozsypalová, Eva Spisarová, Ludmila Boublíková, Jitka Abrahámová
Onkologie. 2017:11(4):192-195 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2017.036
Triple negative breast cancer constitutes a histologically, molecularly and immunologically heterogeneous group of diseases,characterized by lack of α-estrogen, progesteron receptors and HER2 expression. This review presents recent studies of promisingtreatment options of triple negative breast cancer.
Review articles
Possibilities of interventions of selected gastrointestinal disorders accompanying malignant diseases
Petra Holečková
Onkologie. 2017:11(4):196-199 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2017.037
Gastrointestinal tract is a system which includes oesophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, pancreas and hepatobiliarytract. Many gastrointestinal disordes accompay malignant diseases. Many of these disorders are caused directly by malignantdiseases many of them occure like toxicity of treatment – surgery, radiotherapy, cytostatic therapy, targeted biology treatmentor immunotherapy. Intervention must be selected according to type of disorder, its severity and status of a patient.
Current treatment management of metastatatic castration-resistant prostate cancer
Nikol Rušarová, Hana Študentová
Onkologie. 2017:11(4):200-204 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2017.038
Recently there have been registered many new substances used in the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.Due to the newest researches and knowledge breakthroughs in the field of mCRPC treatment, patients´prospects of long-termsurvival have been improving many times.
Case report
The physiotherapy in woman after breast surgery
Kateřina Vaníková, Eva Buchtelová
Onkologie. 2017:11(4):205-208 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2017.039
Background: After non-melanoma skin malignant tumours breast cancer is the most frequent malignant tumour among femalepopulation. In cancer cases breast surgery intervenes in the musculoskeletal system of women undergoing such an operation.The most significant changes in the musculoskeletal system appear as movement function limitation of an upper extremity girdle,changing of a motion stereotype in a shoulder joint part.Objective: The goal of this study is to highlight the possibilities of physiotherapy techniques, methods and concepts that can besuccessfully applied when treating women after breast surgery.Conclusion: Complex physiotherapy offers...