Oncology, 2020, Suppl.F / Onkologické kazuistiky 5
Case reports
Pembrolizumab in combination with radiotherapy in a patient with generalized melanoma
Ivana Krajsová
Onkologie 2020: 14(Suppl.F): 144-147 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.083 
Immunotherapy with anti PD-1 antibodies is one of the fundamental treatment for melanoma and radiotherapy has been used for decades, especially in palliative care. Recent studies suggest that immunotherapy and radiotherapy can act synergistically and in some cases may have an abscopal effect. In our patient, we observed, when we combined pembrolizumab with radiotherapy for nodal metastases, a significant improvement in the overal condition, including stabilization of organ metastases.
Intracranial germ cell tumours, pitfalls of diagnosis and therapy
Běla Malinová, Stěpan Vinakurau, Anna Kindlová
Onkologie 2020: 14(Suppl.F): 148-151 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.084
Intracranial germ cell tumours are rare malignancies of childhood, adolescence and young adults. The tumour characteristics, histology types, principles of treatment and their prognosis are described in the introduction. The case describes clinical finding, diagnostic and therapeutic procedure, result of treatment and late recurrence of the malignancy and its treatment in a young woman. The case confirmed a high radio- and chemosensitivity of intracranial germ cell tumours.
Treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Věra Benešová
Onkologie 2020: 14(Suppl.F): 152-153 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.085
Description of treatment of a patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma in three lines of treatment.
First-line pembrolizumab for metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer
Markéta Černovská, Marie Drösslerová
Onkologie 2020: 14(Suppl.F): 154-155 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.086
Immunotherapy is a form of cancer treatment that uses the artificial stimulation of the immune system to treat cancer, improving on the immune system's natural ability to fight the disease. Immunotherapy do not target the tumor directly but they interfere with the ability of cancer cells to avoid immune system attack. Antibodies against the PDL-1 receptor and its PDL-1 ligand are the main focus of recent studies. Pembrolizumab is a humanized monoclonal immunoglobulin antibody directed against human cell surface receptor PD-1 (programmed cell death-1).
Long-term survival in the patient with generalized HER-2 positive, hormone-independent breast cancer - the importance of a multimodal approach
Markéta Pospíšková, Milan Kohoutek
Onkologie 2020: 14(Suppl.F): 156-158 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.087
Metastatic breast cancer is, with few exceptions, an incurable disease. Although there has been a slight decrease in stage IV diagnosis in recent years, but mortality remains high (Chart 1). Thanks to new knowledge about the behavior and biology of tumors, therapeutic possibilities have expanded for all phenotypes. Hormone-dependent tumors still have the best prognosis. However, HER 2-positive tumors, whether hormone-dependent or not, do not remain in the background. These tumors prolong survival up to 56 months thanks to biological treatment. The therapy should take into account a multidisciplinary approach and should use not only oncological treatment,...
Complete response to pembrolizumab in a patient with stage IV NSCLC (non-small cell lung cancer)
Marie Drösslerová
Onkologie 2020: 14(Suppl.F): 159-163 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.088
Immunotherapy is treatment that uses a person's own immune system to fight cancer. Pembrolizumab is a humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody that targets the PD-1 receptor (Programmed cell death protein 1 receptor). Pembrolizumab demonstrated efficacy as first-line therapy for metastatic NSCLC. In the Czech Republic, pembrolizumab monotherapy has reimbursement as the first-line treatment of metastatic NSCLC in adults whose tumours express PD-L1 ≥ 50 %, with no EGFR or ALK positive tumour mutations in case of nonsquamous NSCLC. This year, there is new pembrolizumab reimbursement in combination with chemotherapy, as the first-line treatment of metastatic...