Epidemie v oboru gynekologická onkologie

Josef Chovanec

Onkologie. 2021:15(3):103  

Imunotherapy in gynaecological oncology

Monika Náležinská, Radek Lakomý, Josef Chovanec

Onkologie. 2021:15(3):105-111 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2021.019  

Immunotherapy slowly enters the tool box of therapeutical methods in gynae-oncology, together with radical surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted agents. Surgical methods are curable in early clinical stages of gynae-malignancies, whereas advanced stages there require combination attitude involving the above mentioned methods. The goal of immunotherapy is to re-instal the cancer immunity cycle, whereas the major players are dendritic cells, cytotoxic T cells and the highly immunosupressive tumour microenvironment, with the blocators of immune checkpoints , such as programed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and of its ligands (PD-L1) or cytotoxic...

The role of robotic surgery in the management of early cervical cancer

Richard Feranec, Gabriel Jelenek, Josef Chovanec

Onkologie. 2021:15(3):112-114 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2021.020  

This study aims to present the review of published data on the current role of the mini-invasive, especially robotic surgical approach in early cervical cancer treatment. The paper is focused on the oncological safety of robotic-assisted radical hysterectomy comparing to open radical procedure. We determine conclusions for current clinical practice from the results of recent studies.

Pelvic exenteration - gynecologic oncology surgery

Gabriel Jelenek, Richard Feranec, Josef Chovanec

Onkologie. 2021:15(3):115-118 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2021.021  

Pelvic exenteration is specific, complex and extensive operation which allows experienced surgical team with a good patient selection with a pelvic relaps to reach zero residuum resection. Radicality and specificity of such a procedure requires specific surgical skills, multidisciplinary team and centralisation of patients.

New Treatment Options for Cervical Cancer

Lucie Mouková

Onkologie. 2021:15(3):119-122 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2021.022  

Primary treatment for cervical cancer is surgery in the early stages. In the adjuvant, in primary inoperable patients or in the case of advanced stages of cancer, radiotherapy is chosen. In case of recurrences or progressive tumours, the prognosis is unfavourable despite chemotherapy. Currently, biological treatment with bevacizumab is approved in patients with metastatic, recurrent or persistent cancer. Immunotherapy is in the research phase.

Challenges of sugery in obese and morbidly obese patiens in gynaecologic oncology

Monika Náležinská, Petr Novák, Tomáš Cacek, Josef Chovanec

Onkologie. 2021:15(3):123-126 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2021.023  

Morbid obesity (BMI ≥ 50 kg/m²) is a known risk factor for the development of endometrial cancer. Several studies have demonstrated the overall feasibility of robotic assisted surgical staging for high-risk endometrial cancer as well as the benefits of robotics compared with laparotomy. In reviewed sources, robotic surgery in morbidly obese patients is associated with better lymph node counts, lower blood loss, decreased chances for postoperative respiratory failure, lower risk of bowel obstruction, shorter hospital stays fewer wound infectious complications. Robotics was also associated with longer surgery time. The cornerstone of...

Palliative surgery and intervention procedures in selected conditions in gynecologic oncology

Magdalena Plch, Gabriel Jelenek, Josef Chovanec

Onkologie. 2021:15(3):127-130 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2021.024  

Advanced gynecologic malingnancies can result in conditions, which strong determine the quality of life of patients and their family. In situations, when curative cancer treatment is no longer indicated and the therapy is focused on the symptomatic relief, besides the pharmacotherapy and care, intervention procedures can be used after a careful evaluation of the indication. This article brings a overview of possibilities of palliative surgery and intervention procedures in selected conditions in gynecologic oncology.

The importance of physical activity in cancer patients and its influence on the prevention of cancer

Radovan Vojtíšek, Jitka Švíglerová, Aleš Kroužecký

Onkologie. 2021:15(3):131-135 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2021.025  

The current state of knowledge quite convincingly proves that a higher level of physical activity is clearly associated with a lower risk of many cancers. Conversely, a lower level of physical activity is associated with a higher risk of their occurrence. Any physical activity is also an important adjunctive treatment in the treatment of cancer, affecting the overall survival of patients. This review article discusses the mechanism and influence of an active lifestyle on the origin and course of the most common cancers. All physicians, and not just oncologists, should support all patients to minimize sedentary time and increase their physical activity.

Drug profile - emicizumab

Jiří Slíva

Onkologie. 2021:15(3):145-146  

Despite apparent advances in the treatment of hemophilia A, the disease is still treatable but not curable. Coagulation factor VIII substitution has its obvious limitations. This short article provides a brief overview of the pharmacological properties of emicizumab, a monoclonal antibody with potential for use in hemophilic patients without or with an inhibitor.

Vismodegib in treatment of reccurence, locally advanced basal cell carcinoma

Simona Michalčová, Hana Mičaníková

Onkologie. 2021:15(3):136-138 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2021.026  

Basal cell carcinoma is the most common form of nonmelanoma skin cancer that arises from basal cells, characterized by slow and destruct growth. The most often terapeutic option is surgical excision. Other options include radiotherapy, application of imiquimod, 5-fluoruracil, curettage, electrocautery, cryotherapy, laser ablation, photodynamic therapy and systemic therapy by the hedgehog inhibitors. Case report describe male patient with recurrent infiltrative basal cell carcinoma located at the forehead on the right, treated by surgical excision, radiotherapy and targeted systemic therapy - vismodegib.

ALK-driven non-small cell lung cancer: prevention, prophylaxis, and treatment of brain metastases

Miloš Pešek

Onkologie. 2021:15(3):139-144 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2021.027  

The author presents case reports of two patients who have been receiving long-term treatment for advanced ALK-driven lung adenocarcinoma with the use of a number of therapeutic modalities including several lines of chemotherapy. The first patient received several lines of systemic treatment and palliative brain irradiation; the other patient had lung surgery and mediastinal irradiation as well as surgery for brain metastasis; both patients were successively treated with crizotinib and ceritinib, and have now been on treatment with alectinib for more than three years. They both underwent repeat treatment for small brain metastases using the Leksell...

Specifics of the approach in cancer patients with dementia

Olga Klepáčková, Martina Černá

Onkologie. 2021:15(3):147-150 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2021.029  

Cancer patients with comorbidity of dementia represent a group of highly vulnerable patients whose treatment and care are associated with many specific problems and dilemmas. Meeting the complex needs of these patients represents a great nursing challenge and place high demands on the knowledge and skills of the nurses. The paper focuses not only on theoretical knowledge about the specific features and problems of cancer patients with dementia but also the practical use of this knowledge in nursing care in all types of health care.