Založení České společnosti paliativní medicíny

MUDr. Ladislav Kabelka, Ph.D

Onkologie. 2009:3(2):75  

Ohlédnutí za pokroky v léčbě metastatického karcinomu ledviny

prof. MUDr. Bohuslav Melichar, Ph.D

Onkologie. 2009:3(2):79  

Renal cancer in adults

MUDr. Miroslav Podhola, Ph.D

Onkologie. 2009:3(2):80-82  

Renal cell carcinomas account for 3 % of adult malignancies and 80 % malignant renal tumors. Men are more often affected than women in a ratio of approximately 2 to 1. The carcinoma arises mainly in adults with a peak in 6th and 7th decade of life. In 5–10 % cases multicentric tumor is observed and bilateral tumor in 1–6 % respectively. The prognosis is related to several parameters. There is a close correlation between staging system and outcome. Size of the primary tumor relates to prognosis for the very small (less than 3 cm) and the very large (over 12 cm) tumors. Nuclear grade of the tumor is an important predictor of survival...

Farmakotherapy of metastatic renal cell carcinoma

prof. MUDr. Bohuslav Melichar, Ph.D, Hana Študentová

Onkologie. 2009:3(2):83-87  

Metastatic renal cell carcinoma has hitherto been considered a tumor poorly responsive to therapy. For more than a decade cytokines (interferon-alpha and interleukin-2) were the only drugs with reproducible activity. In recent years, targeted agents have emerged with significantly higher efficacy compared to cytokines. However, compared to other tumors we have still a relatively very limited number of active agents available. Further clinical trials should evaluate how to optimally utilize the potential of these agents. These studies may indicate whether the combination of targeted agents is superior to sequential therapy.

Imaging modalities in the diagnostic and treatment of renal cell carcinoma including interventional methods

Martin Mašek, Petra Holečková, Jaroslava Dreschlerová, Martin Horák, Miroslav Kašpar, Alena Štukavcová

Onkologie. 2009:3(2):88-91  

Radiology is an integral part of diagnostic, treatment and follow-up of patients with renal cell carcionoma. Radiology with number of diagnostic method included into management of patients with RCC.

Role of radiotherapy in treatment strategy for renal carcinoma

MUDr. Yvona Klementová, MUDr. Lucia Hudínková, MUDr. Jan Cincibuch, prof. MUDr. Bohuslav Melichar, Ph.D

Onkologie. 2009:3(2):92-94  

Radiotherapy is not among the standard methods in the radical treatment for renal carcinoma. However, it may be indicated individually in selected patients as part of neoadjuvant therapy or in patients with risk factors as postoperative treatment. Radiotherapy alone in the form of primary curative irradiation cannot be expected to have an effect. By contrast, it is of significance in the palliative treatment for a locally advanced or metastatic disease.

Surgical treatment of renal tumors

doc. MUDr. Vladimír Študent Ph.D, MUDr. Igor Hartmann, MUDr. Michal Grepl, MUDr. Aleš Vidlář, MUDr. Martin Hrabec

Onkologie. 2009:3(2):96-98  

Radical nephrectomy remains the mainstay of curative therapy for renal carcinoma. Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy is considered a standard treatment for stage T1 and T2 renal carcinoma. Conveniently localized small tumors should be managed by partial resection of the kidney. Technically demanding procedures should be performed at centers.

Molecular biology of renal cancer

Magdalena Čížková

Onkologie. 2009:3(2):99-100  

Renal cancer comprises a set of distinct subtypes arising from cell populations of the renal parenchyma. Each of these cancer subtypes bears characteristic genetic changes that are observed in both familial and sporadic cases. This article provides an overview of the genetic alterations described in the literature. It also deals with the prognostic and predictive markers and the options for minimally invasive screening methods using blood and urine samples.

Quality of life of patients receiving oral oncological treatment

Mgr. Zuzana Spurná, MUDr. Dagmar, Brančíková, MUDr. Jana Katolická

Onkologie. 2009:3(2):101-105  

The findings of numerous studies investigating oral chemotherapy in oncological patients have proved that patients prefer oral chemotherapy to intravenous application. Advantages of oral chemotherapy mainly include patient comfort, possible continuous administration without being limited by long-term hospitalization and related economic advantages for the health care facility, and good combinability with radiotherapy. Another advantage of oral preparations is that they can be combined with parenteral agents in suitable regimens. Practical disadvantages of oral treatment include a limited possibility of physician supervision over regular administration and...

Bisphosphonates in the treatment of metastatic bone disease

MUDr. Zdeněk Mechl, CSc, prof. MUDr. Rom Kostřica CSc

Onkologie. 2009:3(2):106-110  

Patients with bone metastases from breast, prostate, lung cancer and other solid tumors may suffer from considerable morbidity and develop debilitating skeletal-related events (SREs). Bisphosphonates are the primary intervention for patients with metastatic disease at risk for SREs. Bisphosphonates maintain bone health in patients with breast or prostate who experience bone loss from hormoneablative therapies. Recent preclinical and preliminary clinical evidence suggest that bisphopshonates also have antitumor activity that may result in clinical benefits beyond the maintenance of bone health.

Principles of therapy inside the oral cavity in patients treated with bisphosphonates

doc. MUDr. Milan Machálka, CSc, MUDr. Oliver Bulik, Ph.D

Onkologie. 2009:3(2):111-113  

Comprehensive treatment with bisphosphonates in patients suffering from either oncogenous diseases or osteoporosis may adversely affect the bone tissue of the jaw and thus, osteonecrosis might occur after teeth extractions or other surgical interventions. Bone wounds would not heal up and necrotic bone edges are exposed into the oral cavity. At first the treatment of the affected area is performed in a considerate conservative way, later on surgical treatment and removal of necrotic and disengaging bone parts is carried out. Targeted compound antibiotic medication is indicated on account of the prevalence of anaerobic microflora present in the...

The use of cytokines in the treatment for metastatic renal carcinoma in the context of biological therapy

MUDr. Šárka Lukešová, Ph.D, doc. MUDr. Otakar Kopecký, CSc

Onkologie. 2009:3(2):114-119  

Although malignant renal tumors account for 1–2 % of all malignant tumors, their incidence in the Czech Republic is the highest in the world. Given the chemo- and radioresistance of malignant tumors, the use of cytokines in the treatment for metastatic renal carcinoma represented a major advance. The advent of biological therapy has raised the issues of their appropriate further use and their indication in the right patient at the right time. These issues are dealt with in the present paper.

The possibility of laboratory testing for oncological patients, part 3

Mirka Nekulová, Marta Šimíčková, Dalibor Valík

Onkologie. 2009:3(2):121-124  

The examinations of tumor markers and the other laboratory parameters in serum, plama or tissue of patients with malignant diagnoses, their validity (sensitivity and specificity), biological half-time, timing and applications in terms of recommendations of international working groups for tumor markers are summarized in the view of clinical oncology. Also individual characteristics for tumor markers and their accurate indications are presented as well as perspective metods for future.

Breast cancer metastasis in the rectum

MUDr. Vlastislav Šrámek

Onkologie. 2009:3(2):125-126  

Breast cancers most commonly metastasize to the lymph nodes. They metastasize hematogenously to the bone, lung, pleura, liver, ovary, skin, and brain. Breast cancer metastases to the gastrointestinal tract are relatively rare. The case report presents the course of disease in a 52-year-old woman who was diagnosed with infiltrating lobular carcinoma of the right breast. Following breast ablation, adjuvant chemotherapy was delivered; the patient continued to be followed up, two years later reconstruction of her right breast was performed. Seven years later, a metastatic process was observed in the bone. During the therapy for metastatic bone disease,...

Oral mucositis following head and neck radiotherapy

Kamila Hercová

Onkologie. 2009:3(2):127-128  

Oral mucositis is defined as an inflammatory and ulcerative disease of the oral mucosa as a result of mucosal damage in relation to complex oncological treatment. Mucosal damage may be so extensive that it makes food intake difficult and, in some cases, even impossible. Gelclair, a therapeutic agent designed to treat oral mucosa damage caused by radiotherapy and chemotherapy, is available in the Czech Republic. In mid-2008, the Oncological Department of the University Hospital Olomouc started to use Gelclair and over 50 patients were treated with this agent by the end of 2008. The present paper deals with the follow-up of ten selected patients...

Autodidaktický test 2/2009

Onkologie. 2009:3(2):130