Slovo úvodem

doc. MUDr. Tomáš Papajík, CSc.

Onkologie. 2011:5(2):67  

Nádory centrálního nervového systému - slovo úvodem

Jakub Cvek

Onkologie. 2011:5(2):71  

Neurosurgical treatment of brain tumors

Štefan Reguli, Radim Lipina, Tomáš Hrbáč

Onkologie. 2011:5(2):72-74  

The article presents an overview of the current possibilities of neurosurgery in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of brain tumors, describes the management of the patient, some decision-making algorithms from the perspective of a neurosurgeon and the use of available technical equipment and procedures that contribute to safer and more radical surgery.

Nonsurgical treatment of malignant gliomas

Josef Růčka

Onkologie. 2011:5(2):75-76  

The mainstay of treatment for malignant brain gliomas is surgery aimed at removing as much tumour mass as possible. The decision to indicate nonsurgical treatment primarily depends on the patient’s general condition and the histopatholological grading of the brain tumour. Nonsurgical treatment modalities include external radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

Stereotactic radiosurgery and radiotherapy with gamma knife

Gabriela Šimonová, Roman Liščák

Onkologie. 2011:5(2):77-83  

The fast development of imaging method (especially magnetic resonance) and of radiotherapy technique was followed by using of stereotactic methods. Radiosurgery (application of high dose in single session) and stereotactic radiotherapy (using fractionated scheme) widely extend treatment methods for benign and malignant brain tumors. Nowadays they play important role in treatment of meningiomas, pituitary adenomas, acoustic neuromas, brain metastases and also in the treatment of reoccurrence (gliomas, ependymomas, craniopharyngiomas, medulloblastomas, malignant skull base tumors). Long term local tumor control for benign tumors is about 90–95...

Stereotactic irradiation of the spine and spinal cord using the CyberKnife system

Jakub Cvek, Lukáš Knybel, Břetislav Otáhal, David Feltl

Onkologie. 2011:5(2):83-86  

Benign and malignant tumours of the spine and spinal cord are frequent findings and cause major morbidity (pain and neurological deficit) which significantly impairs the quality of life. The incidence of metastatic skeletal disease is approximately 6,500 new cases per year in the Czech Republic and, given a longer survival rate than that observed in the case of visceral metastases, it poses a major health problem. The treatment for spinal tumours usually requires a multidisciplinary approach. In some cases, a complete removal is possible whereas sometimes decompression is all that can be done. Conventional external radiotherapy is commonly...

Breakthrough cancer pain: clinical characteristics and modern strategies to its management

Ondřej Sláma

Onkologie. 2011:5(2):87-90  

Breakthrough pain (BP) is a transient exacerbation of pain in patient with stable and adequatly controled background pain. The prevalenco o BP is 40–70 % among cancer patients. Pathophysiologic chracter of BP is usually linked to the character of background pain. The management of BP has to be „tailored“ individualy and combines pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches. Transmucosal fentanyl formulations represent an important and interesting progress in BP management.

Acute myeloid leukemia in patients older than 60 years, treatment and potential role of allogeneic hematopoietic

Michal Karas

Onkologie. 2011:5(2):91-95  

stem cell transplantation Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is disease of older age with the median of age at diagnosis 69 years. Unfortunately results of intensive treatment of patients older than 60 years with AML, thus patients with high-risk of AML development, are unsatisfactory. The reasons for this unsatisfactory results are higher risks of treatment-related mortality among older patients treated with intensive chemotherapy and biological characteristics of AML in older age with higher risk of AML resistance to intensive treatment and higher risk of AML relapse. According to published data reduced-intensity allogeneic transplantation as...

Osteosarcoma: current options of diagnosis and treatment

Hubert Mottl, Jarmila Kruseová, Jiří Schovanec

Onkologie. 2011:5(2):96-98  

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant tumour of the skeleton accounting for approximately 35 % of primary bone tumours. Successful treatment of osteosarcoma requires a close cooperation between the specialists of a multidisciplinary team consisting of an oncologist, surgeon, pathologist and radiologist. The best care is provided by specialized centres with appropriate experience in which comprehensive care is available. The therapeutic regimen must include radical removal of the primary tumour and/or metastases in combination with systemic chemotherapy. The cytostatic drugs primarily used include doxorubicin, high-dose methotrexate,...

Role of cetuximab in the second-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer with subsequent maintenance

Luboš Holubec, Vít Martin Matějka

Onkologie. 2011:5(2):99-101  

monotherapy with monoclonal antibody cetuximab The clinical case report presents the role of cetuximab in the second-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer with subsequent maintenance monotherapy in which the patient achieved a complete remission of a cancerous disease. The present case confirms the efficacy of treatment with cetuximab in pretreated patients with metastatic colorectal cancer in the presence of the unmutated K-RAS gene. This is a case of targeted biological therapy which is becoming a standard of personalized medicine for patients with advanced cancerous disease.

Role of cetuximab in long-term survival of patient with metastatic colorectal carcinoma

Ilona Kocáková

Onkologie. 2011:5(2):102-104  

Patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) should receive all five drugs active in this disease during the overall course of their treatment. These drugs consist of three chemotherapeutic agents: 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin (5-FU/LV), irinotecan and oxaliplatin and two monoclonal antibody: bevacizumab directed against the vascular endothelial growth factor and the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor cetuximab or panitumumab. Treatment options for third-line therapy depend on what agents have been used in previous therapy. In patients with prior treatment with 5-FU, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan, treatment with the combination of cetuximab...

Some complications of secondary lymphedema in women with malignant tumours - four cases and their treatment

Věra Vítová, Hana Vítová, Drahoslava Hrubá

Onkologie. 2011:5(2):106-109  

The authors describe some complications of secondary lymphedema after malignant tumours treatement in women including their therapy. There are frequent complications: infections (recurrent erysipelas, herpes zoster), primary tumour progressions and metastases, hand-foot syndrome as a side-effect of chemotherapy and relatively rare complications e.g. second primary malignancy (lymphangiosarcoma in lymphedema patients) as well as multiple malignancies. The authors found autoimmune thyroiditis and decreased thyroid function in a patient treated for postmastectomy lymphedema.

Pediatric oncology from the attending nurse’s point of view

Martina Petlachová

Onkologie. 2011:5(2):110-111  

In the Czech Republic, more than 60 000 new oncology patients are diagnosed each year, and approximately 300 of these are pediatric oncology patients. In developed countries including the Czech Republic, malignant neoplasms are the second most frequent cause of death in children, even if it is managed to return around 80 % of these pediatric patients to their normal lives. Care for these patients is highly specialized and demands a multidisciplinary team and approach. Specifics of pediatric oncology are by no means taught in detail during the qualification of general nurses. Nurses taking care of pediatric oncology patients in centers of complex...

ZENITH meeting 2011 Berlín, 28.-29. ledna

Zdeněk Mechl

Onkologie. 2011:5(2):112-114  

3rd International Conference on Innovative Approaches in Head & Neck Oncology Barcelona, 24.-26. února 2011

Zuzana Lovasová, Zdeněk Mechl

Onkologie. 2011:5(2):116-119  

Průběh a závěry mezioborového setkání „Winter GLIO TRACK Meeting“ 2011

Pavel Šlampa

Onkologie. 2011:5(2):120-121  

Autodidaktický test 2/2011

Onkologie. 2011:5(2):121-122