Oncology, 2015, issue 5

Editorial

Slovo úvodem

prof. MUDr. Martin Smrčka, Ph.D., MBA

Onkologie. 2015:9(5)

Main topic

Complex therapy of brain glioma

Pavel Fadrus, Pavel Šlampa, Radek Lakomý, Martin Smrčka

Onkologie. 2015:9(5):214-217

Glioma is a common type of primary brain intraaxial tumors. This is a broad group of tumors that differ in their typical localization, age predisposition, morphology, degree of malignancy and the tendency to progression. On the basis of the WHO classification with grading system are divided into two basic groups: glioma low grade malignancy (low grade glioma – LGG) and glioma high grade of malignancy (high grade glioma – HGG). These two groups in between vary considerably in their biological characteristics and thus the overall prognosis of the patient. Among the basic capabilities of their therapies include surgical resection followed...

Comprehensive treatment of pituitary adenomas

Karel Máca, Václav Vybíhal, Martin Smrčka

Onkologie. 2015:9(5):218-220

Pituitary tumours constitute 10–15 % of all intracranial tumours. Adenomas are the most common and account for 80 % of tumours of the sella turcica. Their incidence is 1.5–2/100,000 / year and prevalence 20/100 000. The vast majority of adenomas have a benign course. Comprehensive treatment of pituitary adenomas requires cooperation among a neurosurgeon, an endocrinologist, a radiosurgeon, a radiologist and an ophthalmologist. The main treatment modality with the exception of prolactinomas is surgery. Using of new neurosurgical techniques have permitted to increase the extent of surgery without increasing the risk to the patient....

Complex therapy of meningiomas - single centre experience

Miloš Duba, Andrej Mrlian, Josef Musil, Martin Smrčka, Marek Bradávka

Onkologie. 2015:9(5):221-225

Meningiomas are usually slow-growing tumors, which arise from arachnoideal cells and represent about one third of all primary intracranial tumors. They occur more frequently in women. Clinical manifestations of meningiomas depend on location and tumor size. In therapy, surgical treatment is mostly applied; the success rate is associated with the amount of the resection. Another treatment modality is radiotherapy, hormonal therapy remains on experimental field. Material a methods: Authors describe their experiences with the diagnosis, the therapy and with the follow up of the patients with meningioma (n = 552). Results and conclusion: Despite...

Imaging techniques and electrophysiology in surgical treatment of brain tumours

Eduard Neuman, Marek Sova, Miloš Duba, Václav Vybíhal, Marián Sandecký, Pavel Fadrus, Martin Smrčka

Onkologie. 2015:9(5):226-231

The article introduces the applicability and benefit of imaging techniques used in the practice, particularly functional magnetic resonance and diffuse tractography, for neurosurgical treatment of intra-axial brain tumours. It also elucidates the principles of the most commonly employed electrophysiological methods (somatosensory evoked potential phase reversal, motor evoked potential monitoring, electrical cortical stimulation in awake craniotomy) used to detect functionally significant areas of the brain and monitor their functioning during surgery.

Review articles

Carcinoid of the lung - advances in molecular biology and their practical application

Ondřej Fischer, Ivona Grygárková, Vítězslav Kolek

Onkologie. 2015:9(5):232-234

Low and intermediate grade neuroendocrine tumors of the lungs, more often known as typical and atypical carcinoid, represent minor, but clinically important part of lung neoplasms. In past years they were somewhat on the edge of interest in both research and therapy because of their favorable prognosis (5-year survival 90 %, respectively 40–60 %) and low incidence (1–2 % of all pulmonary tumors). However, recent advances in molecular biology and genetics helped to understand signal pathways and processes used by carcinoid cells. New molecular targets were identified, opening possibility for development of new therapeutic drugs....

Recurrence of malignant gyneacological tumors

Martina Kubecová, Klaudia Regináčová

Onkologie. 2015:9(5):235-238

Malignant gyneacological tumors recurrence rate depends on many factors. Most significant ones are primary tumor volume, its biological properties, and radicality of performed therapy. Relapses treatment is always more and more difficult and possibility of recovery depends not only on size of local relapse, its deposition, and patient‘s condition, but especially on previously performed therapy. Treatment plan has to be created for every patient individually, in which surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and most frequently a combination of all these methods are considered. Our research suggests that relatively high percentage of gyneacological...

Treatment of pain in cancer patients, focusing on breakthrough pain

Lukáš Pochop

Onkologie. 2015:9(5):239-241

Cancer induced chronic pain affects great percentage of oncologic patients. Major subgroup of these patients also suffers from breakthrough pain which negatively influences their quality of life. Pharmacological or non-pharmacological approaches can be used to treat cancer pain. Recently we have been using new formula of transmucosal opioids. Their simple usage and quick pain relief represent an adequate medical form to treat breakthrough pain.

Colorectal carcinoma in children

Lucie Poš, Blanka Rousková, Martin Kynčl, David Sumerauer, Richard Škába

Onkologie. 2015:9(5):242-244

Carcinoma of the colon and rectum is a rare malignancy in children. The overall survival rate in children with colon carcinoma is poor due to the advanced stage of disease at the time of diagnosis and due to unfavorable histological features. Therefore, this diagnosis has to be considered in all patients with unclear abdominal symptoms.

Original articles

RNAscope® method for analysis of HER2 expression in the samples of breast cancer without amplification

Markéta Kolečková, Gabriela Kořínková, Vladimíra Koudeláková, Jana Potočková, Barbora Šopíková, Marián Hajdúch, Zdeněk Kolář

Onkologie. 2015:9(5):245-247

The patients with invasive breast cancer are indicated for the targeted therapy by human monoclonal antibody trastuzumab (Herceptin™) only when there is an evidence of overexpression or amplification of the transmembrane HER2/c-erbB2/neu (HER2) protein or gene. Currently, detection of the HER2 mRNA using RNA in situ hybridization (RNAscope®) is being introduced. The method could be especially useful for increasing the diagnosis accuracy in the cases where both standard methods lead to border positive or discrepant results. Our study was aimed at optimizing the RNAscope® method in practice and testing it on the set of patients´...

Case report

Treatment of chronic and breakthrough pain at pancreas tumor patient

Štěpán Bejvančický, Petra Bejvančická

Onkologie. 2015:9(5):248-250

Case report presents use of new possibility treatment of breakthrough pain, it advantage and comparison to older one, „classical treatment“, still most used medication treatment. It presents just available fentanyl immediate drugs on Czech medical market, their indications and limitations.