Kdo bude hlídat hlídače?

MUDr. Radkin Honzák, CSc.

Onkologie. 2016:10(6)  

Renal carcinoma and immunotherapy

Alexandr Poprach, Radek Lakomý

Onkologie. 2016:10(6):251-255 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2016.053  

Although immunotherapy in patients with metastatic renal cancer is experiencing an unprecedented renaissance, the disease still remains incurable. The use of various checkpoint inhibitors and anti-tumour vaccines, however, leads to further prolongation of survival of patients with this condition. The results of phase III trials with the anti-PD-1 antibody nivolumab are already available, with the next ones being eagerly anticipated. Moreover, enrolment has been completed for the phase III ADAPT trial in which a targeted therapy is combined with an anti-tumour vaccine; the results of the phase II trial with this therapy are very promising. The...

Malignant melanoma and new options of treatment

Viera Bajčiová

Onkologie. 2016:10(6):256-262 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2016.054  

Treatment of advanced and metastatic melanoma has been revolutionezed over the last five years. After decades of stagnation and searching the new targeted biology therapy and modern immunotherapy offers chance of long term survival for almost 30 % of patients. The search for predictive biomarkers, duration of effective treatment, the optimal strategy for wild-type melanoma remains the goals of further research and future perspectives. Search for different variants of combined therapy is the subject of clinical trials.

Immunotherapy for prostate cancer

Michal Podrazil, Radek Špíšek, Jiřina Bartůňková

Onkologie. 2016:10(6):263-269  

Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men. Advances in the field of molecular immunology are leading to a deeper understanding of the interactions between the immune system and cancer, allowing identification of new targets in the immune system and resulting in the development of new anticancer agents. Immunotherapy is emerging as another promising treatment modality in prostate cancer in addition to classic hormonal therapy, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The aim of this review is to present an overview of current immunotherapeutic approaches, which are being clinically tested in the management of prostate cancer.

Systemic treatment for bladder cancer

Tomáš Büchler

Onkologie. 2016:10(6):271-274  

Systemic treatment for bladder cancer is indicated in four clinical situations, including neoadjuvant therapy prior to radical cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer, adjuvant chemotherapy after cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer, as a part of bladder sparing protocols in concomitance with radiotherapy, and for treatment of advanced or metastatic disease. Chemotherapy regimens containing cisplatin are the basis of current systemic therapies for bladder cancer.

Angiosarcoma of the breast after radiotherapy and brest-conserving surgery due tumor

Dalibor Dvořák, Zuzana Adamová, Tomáš Bár, Petr Mičulka

Onkologie. 2016:10(6):275-277 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2016.057  

Angiosarcoma is a rare soft tissue tumor of the breast. It occurs in both a primary form without a known precursor, and a secondary form that has been associated to a history of irradiated breast tissue. It can present as a palpable mass or subtle erythematous lesion. We present a case of an 70-year-old woman who developed secondary angiosarcoma after undergoing breast-conserving therapy for stage I breast cancer. This case demonstrates the importance of vigilance regarding erythematous or livid breast lesions in the setting of prior local radiation.

Skin discoloration as an adverse effect of treatment with sunitinib in a pediatric patient with osteosarcoma

Lenka Součková, Pavel Mazánek, Peter Múdry

Onkologie. 2016:10(6):279-282  

Sunitinib as a multikinase inhibitor is indicated for the treatment of unresectable and/or metastatic malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) in adults after failure of imatinib treatment due to resistance or intolerance. Another indication is the treatment of advanced/metastatic renal cell carcinoma (MRCC) or treatment of unresectable or metastatic, well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (pNET) with disease progression in adults. There is also clinical experience with the use of sunitinib in pediatric oncology patients, e.g. with refractory solid tumors, GIST. The article describes the course of treatment of osteosarcoma in...

Awareness of boys aged 15-19 on the prevention of cancer of the testicles

Jana Nespalová, Alena Machová

Onkologie. 2016:10(6):283-286 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2016.059  

Testicular cancer in children is one of the rare types of malignant diseases, their incidence is increasing between 15 to 19 years. They are included amongst the most treatable cancers in adults. In the Czech Republic it is annually diagnosed about 400 cases, the incidence of testicular cancer is increasing. The disease is curable, if it is early diagnosis. Regular preventive examinations will reduce disease progression and the nurse at GPCY (general practitioner for children and adolescents) plays an irreplaceable role in this prevention. The aim of the research was to determine the awareness on testicular cancer prevention in boys 15–19. There...