Co to je za nemoc a proč ji neléčíme?

prof. MUDr. Eva Králíková, CSc.,

Onkologie. 2019:13(2):55  

What's new in colorectal cancer?

Co je nového u kolorektálního karcinomu?

Onkologie. 2019:13(2):59-62 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2019.011  

We are wittnesses of scientific progress that push forward the knowledge even in the research on cancer. Computing technology and methods of molecular biology and genetics follow this progress and reveal new possibilities in the research of pathogenesis, diagnostics and also treatment of malignant tumours. Colorectal carcinoma is now worldwide the second cause of death in all malignancies (1). Its incidence is often connected to western-like lifestyle. However, exact causes are still hidden in the mist of uncertainties and doubts. Survival of the patients with metastatic colorectal cancer doubled in last twenty years (2). In connection to the huge...

Gastrointestinal tumors in children

Viera Bajčiová

Onkologie. 2019:13(2):63-68 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2019.012  

Gastrointestinal tumors in children and adolescents are very rare. They differ from the adult gastrointestinal cancer in differenthistological types of tumors, their incidence, etiology and clinical symptoms. Experience with their diagnosis and treatment inchildren are limited. The fundamental difference from the adult gastrointestinal cancer is absence of pediatric clinical trials. Anexception is the treatment of pediatric abdominal non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Cooperation and experience of adults oncology aretherefore necessary.

Immunotherapy for breast cancer

Miloš Holánek

Onkologie. 2019:13(2):69-72 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2019.013  

The treatment of breast cancer is comprehensive, involving all available modalities. Due to advances in therapeutic options, the prognosis has been improved in many patients. Recently, immunotherapy has been one of the major advances in the treatment options for tumour diseases. Checkpoint inhibitors have been employed in an ever-increasing group of solid tumour diseases, and their use is associated, for some diagnoses in particular, with a substantial improvement in treatment outcomes and patient prognosis. Currently, immunotherapy is used predominantly in treating malignant melanoma, renal carcinoma, lung cancer, head and neck cancer, and bladder...

Upgrade pharmacotherapy for cancer pain

Kateřina Jirsová

Onkologie. 2019:13(2):73-77 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2019.014  

Pain is one of the most frequent and most serious symptoms of advanced malignancies. We know, that pain is reported by 60 % of patients undergoing oncology treatment, about 70 % with advanced cancer and up to 90 % terminally ill patients. Uncontrolled pain can have a negative impact on the whole comfort and daily activities of the patient and can lead to deterioration of quality of his/her life. Treatment of the pain is just one part of the complex therapy of the whole set of cancer symptoms. The main aim of the pain treatment is to reach optimal control of the pain, to keep the highest level of the patient's activity and to minimize the side effects...

Current clinical utility of prostate cancer markers

Štěpán Veselý

Onkologie. 2019:13(2):78-82 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2019.015  

Significant advances in understanding of prostate cancer biology induce a rapid development of modern diagnostic tests. Severalnovel biomarkers have been recently introduced. However, with regard to current tendencies in the treatment of prostate cancerthere is a need for reliable marker discriminating not only between malign and benign prostatic disease but mainly between indolentand aggressive cancer. The following article presents an overview of both established and new promising markers of prostate cancer.Some of novel biomarkers carry the potential to improve prostate cancer diagnostics and to enable risk stratification...

Dysphagia in patients with head and neck tumors

Marcela Dubová, Miloš Šteffl, Naděžda Lasotová, Miloš Duba

Onkologie. 2019:13(2):83-86 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2019.016  

Head and neck tumors, the same as their therapy, lead to oropharyngeal dysphagia (OFD) in half of the patients. The possibility of peroral nutrition and liguids intake is very important for oncological patients. The difficulties in swallowing can be considered earlier when planning modality of the therapy. Nowdays it is possible to objectify the OFD and to modulate the therapy of swallowing. In terms of live quallity OFD is considered to be an important social factor. The main diagnostic and therapy aspects of dysphagia is save peroral intake without any risk. The OFD therapy is not possible without multidisciplinary aproach including specielized care...

Glioblastoma with a primitive neuronal component in a long-term surviving patient

Tomáš Jirásek, Monika Šedivcová, Tomáš Vaněček, Petr Grossmann, Petr Šteiner, Lucia Fröhlichová, Marián Švajdler ml., Jana Engelová, Renata Emmerová, Radim Brabec, Vladimír Beneš III

Onkologie. 2019:13(2):87-91 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2019.017  

We present a case of long-term followed-up patient with radically resected IDH mutant glioblastoma with a primitive neuronalcomponent who has survived for 9 years with only moderate neurological complications and with a very good quality of life.Radicality of surgical resection together with mutations of the IDH genes are prognostically favourable factors in high grade glialneoplasms of the central nervous system.

Renal cell carcinoma with tumor thrombus extending in the right atrium

Pavel Žemla, Aleš Vidlář, Petr Šantavý, Vladimír Študent

Onkologie. 2019:13(2):92-94  

Renal cell carcinoma is the most common primary kidney tumor. Czech Republic has the highest incidence of this type of tumor in the world. The occurrence of a tumor thrombus in the inferior vena cava is recorded in 4 % up to 10 % of patients at the time of diagnosis. Renal cell carcinoma is in the most cases clinically mute or it may appear by atypical symptoms. In our case, the diagnosis of the renal cell carcinoma with a tumor thrombus extending in the right atrium was incidental, based on the sudden stuffiness. In collaboration with cardiac surgeons, the patient underwent a radical nephrectomy with cavotomy and exstirpation of the tumor thrombus...