Proč pacienty varovat před workoholismem?

Mgr. et Mgr. Jana Vyskočilová

Onkologie. 2019:13(4):147  

New treatment options in hormone-sensitive prostate cancer

Otakar Čapoun

Onkologie. 2019:13(4):150-156 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2019.029  

The main aim of the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer (mPC) is to lower the value of testosterone to the castration level. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) leads initially to a reduction of the level of prostate–specific antigen and/or to radiographic and clinical response. The combination of docetaxel chemotherapy or new hormone agents (abiraterone acetate, enzalutamide, apalutamide, darolutamide) in the first line treatment of mPC may lead to an increase in overall survival or time to radiographic progression. This article assesses the results of available studies and in conclusion it reviews which combination is the most appropriate...

Enzalutamide in treatment of the metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer

Igor Richter, Josef Dvořák

Onkologie. 2019:13(4):157-160 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2019.030  

Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer is a severe disease. Recently, however, its therapy has been significantly enrichedadding novel treatment options extending patient overal survival. Enzalutamide targets multiple steps in the androgen-receptorsignaling pathway. In patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, enzalutamid has become a cornerstone ofthe treatment due to results of AFFIRM and PREVAIL studies. The overview article describes the current position of enzalutamidin the treatment of this malignancy.

Factors affecting breakthrough pain

Lukáš Pochop

Onkologie. 2019:13(4):162-166 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2019.031  

The term “breakthrough pain” was coined in 1990; however, the concept as well as therapeutic approaches have significantly evolved since that time. It was not only transmucosal fentanyl formulations that have broadened the armamentarium of treatment options and contributed to effective breakthrough pain management. Moreover, the abundance of analgesic interventions have also increased the number of combinations and strategies used for pain relief. Therapeutic decisions should be tailored for each patient based on a comprehensive assessment of individual aspects of pain and patient preferences. Understanding of this issue increases the expertise...

Current approaches to the radiotherapy of brain metastases from solid tumors

Tomáš Kazda, Radek Lakomý, Petr Pospíšil, Ludmila Hynková, Jiří Šána, Pavel Fadrus, Radim Jančálek, Robert Bartoš, Renata Belanová, Ondřej Slabý, Pavel Šlampa

Onkologie. 2019:13(4):167-172 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2019.032  

Secondary brain tumors, brain metastases, develop in up to 30–40 % of all solid tumor cancer patients, with increasing incidence.The aim of this review is to provide both basic as well as current information on up-to-date treatment options for patients withbrain metastases. The aim is, in accordance with the focus of the journal, to provide didactical and practical information on theissue of radiotherapy of secondary brain tumors with an emphasis on their usefulness in daily clinical practice. Several large randomizedtrials potentially affecting daily practice have recently been published and are discussed in this review.

Future trends in esophageal cancer treatment (prevention,biological therapy, immunotherapy, individualized therapy, novelties in surgery)

Zuzana Rábeková

Onkologie. 2019:13(4):173-176  

Esophageal carcinoma may be devided into two most frequent histopathological subtypes – adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, which are different in their origin and biological characteristic, but also in their response to different types of the treatment. Esophageal cancer is the 8th most common maligncy and 6th most common cause of death from overall malignant disease. Searching for novel and effective methods in its prevention and treatment is very important issue, according to very low 5 – years survival rate, which is between 15–20%. The future may bring novelties in prevention of this tumor as in the area of chemoprotective...

Biosimilars – therapeutic value, regulation, the role of pharmacists

Petr Horák

Onkologie. 2019:13(4):178-182  

The biologic drugs are naturally more complex than drugs of chemical origin. Their efficacy, quality and safety are influenced by their primary, secondary and tertiary structure, post-translational changes, biologic, immuno-chemical and physico-chemical characteristics. Due to this complexity, it is impossible to develop an exact copy of original drug with expired patent. Therefore, a biosimilarity concept was developed, with the comparability exercise and extrapolation of indications, using previously known approaches applied i.a. after the change of manufacturing process of the original biologic products. There are two levels of regulation of biosimilars...

A rare case of adult emybryonal rhabdomyosarcoma

Katarína Balážová, Imrich Beer, Peter Čunderlík, Jana Poláková-Mištinová

Onkologie. 2019:13(4):184-186 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2019.035  

The case report describes a rare case of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma in adult a 39-year-old male. March 2016 right upper limb amputation in mid-arm for malignant tumor – histology mesenchial tumor with traits v.s. fibrous monophasic synovial sarcoma. Subsequently, two years after the operation, the patient developed heart failure. Echocardiographically a tumor was found around the free wall of the left ventricle (LV) deploying on the LV wall and oppressing the free wall of LV. The finding was also confirmed by the magnetic resonance of the heart. After evaluating the heart team the patient was indicated for cardiac surgery-tumor extirpation. This...