Proč psát kazuistiku očima mladého onkologa

Miroslav Žiaran

Onkologie 2020: 14(Suppl.D): 59 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.039  

Long-term treatment response on therapy trifluridin/tipiracil (Lonsurf®) in patient with metastatic colorectal cancer

Šárka Stuhlová

Onkologie 2020: 14(Suppl.D): 62-66 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.040  

The case report describes a case of patient with metastatic colorectal cancer with poor prognostic characteristics. The patient underwent a surgery for sigmoid colon cancer stage III, following with 6-months adjuvant chemotherapy FOLFOX. The relapse of disease occured immediately after finishing the adjuvant treatment. The following chemotherapy FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab was ongoing with low patient´s tolerance. The therapeutic response took 12 months. In the third line of the treatment chemotherapy trifluridin/tipiracil (Lonsurf®) was used wih effect of long-term disease stabilization and good treatment tolerance.

Case report - patient with epitheloid type of vulvar sarcoma

Tomáš Cacek, Monika Náležinská, Magdaléna Plch, Josef Chovanec

Onkologie 2020: 14(Suppl.D): 67-70 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.041  

Primary sarcomas of the vulva represent rare histological type of tumour in this area, imposing considerable demands on the experience and erudition of the pathologist. The case report of a 65-year-old woman below describes a vulvar tumour primarily diagnosed and treated as a sarcomatoid type of carcinoma and re-evaluated at the time of relapse treatment to a proximal type of epithelioid sarcoma of the vulva with a significantly worse prognosis.

Case report of a patient with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer with positive ALK gene rearrangement treated in the first line with alectinib

Leona Koubková

Onkologie 2020: 14(Suppl.D): 71-74 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.042  

ALK gene rearrangement (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) is a genetic change in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that predicts the effectiveness of targeted ALK inhibitor therapy. Nowadays, we have three generations of ALK inhibitors. Alectinib, the current standard for the first line treatment of ALK positive NSCLC, is a highly selective and potent inhibitor of ALK and RET tyrosine kinase and since 1^st November 2019 is reimbursed in the Czech Republic as the first line treatment of ALK + NSCLC.

Radiotherapy in post-operative chylous ascites treatment

Lucie Hnidáková, Eva Kocmanová, Vladimír Rak

Onkologie 2020: 14(Suppl.D): 75-77 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.043  

Chylous ascites - accumulation of chylous liquid rich in triglycerides in abdominal cavity due to trauma or obstruction of lymfatic vessels - is a rather rare finding. The most common cause in adults is malignancy (hepatocellular carcinoma, dissemination of primary tumor - breast, colon, pancreas, ovaries, testes, kidneys, also small bowel lymphoma and retroperitoneal lymphoma), liver cirhossis or traumatic injury after operations in retroperitoneal space. Treatment is highly individual based on nutritional support and treatment of primary cause. If conservative managment fails, special techniques may be used - somatostatin injections, surgical therapy,...

Monotherapy with pembrolizumab in the first-line treatment of non-small cell lung cancer with a high expression of PD-L1 ≥ 50 %

Gabriela Krákorová, Jan Baxa

Onkologie 2020: 14(Suppl.D): 78-81 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.044  

The current approach to treatment selection in a patient with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is personalized. It is based on the histological subtype of NSCLC (squamous, non-squamous), the result of tumour PD-L1 expression, and, in non-squamous histology, on the result of genetic testing, i.e. EGFR, ALK, ROS1, and BRAF mutations. In tumours with a high expression of PD-L1 ≥ 50% (and in adenocarcinomas in the absence of sensitive mutations), treatment with immunotherapy with pembrolizumab is preferred in the first line. The authors report a case of a patient with generalized lung adenocarcinoma treated with pembrolizumab in whom a...

A patient with a tumour of unknown primary origin: treatment and course of the disease

Hana Honová

Onkologie 2020: 14(Suppl.D): 82-84 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.045  

A generalized malignant tumour of unknown primary origin is encountered by every clinical oncologist in their practice, and it is not uncommon that even autopsy fails to reveal the primary tumour. Thus, the tumour is confirmed based on nodal or organ metastases and not even detailed pathological analysis can indicate the organ from which the tumour originated. In terms of further treatment, however, this information is of major importance. The present case report describes the course and treatment of the disease which was eventually diagnosed as tumour triplicity.

A case of fairly advanced metastatic BRAF-mutated malignant melanoma treated with pembrolizumab with an excellent therapeutic response

David Šulc

Onkologie 2020: 14(Suppl.D): 85-88 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.046  

The article deals with the issue of first-line treatment of metastatic BRAF-mutated malignant melanoma in a female patient with fairly advanced disease and significant comorbidities. The case report describes practical experience with an excellent and rapid response to treatment with pembrolizumab.

Immunotherapy for synchronous advanced lung cancer and urothelial carcinoma: initial experience

Tomáš Vlásek

Onkologie 2020: 14(Suppl.D): 89-91 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.047  

Immunotherapy is a method that has been known in oncology for decades. Specific immunotherapy has been used until present day (e.g. the BCG vaccine in treating bladder cancer). The previously used non-specific immunotherapy was effective particularly in renal adenocarcinoma and malignant melanoma (interferons, interleukin - 2). More recently, molecules that are targeted at immune checkpoints have been used. Treatment efficacy has increased and the spectrum of cancer diagnoses for which therapeutic efficacy was noted has expanded. These also include advanced non-small cell lung cancer. The case report describes such a case of synchronous double cancer...

Treatment of a patient with differentiated thyroid carcinoma - a case report.

Hana Švébišová, Kamil Bukovanský

Onkologie 2020: 14(Suppl.D): 92-97 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.048  

Patients with radio-refractory differentiated thyroid carcinoma (RR-DTC) are indicated for therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). In the Czech Republic, treatment is concentrated to Complex Oncology Centers. Patients are mostly middle age and older, with comorbidities.The case report describes the case of a patient who, despite the advancement of cancer, significant co-morbidity and the distance of her residence from our healthcare facility, benefits from cancer treatment.