Oncology, 2022, issue 1

Editorial

Renální karcinom v roce 2021

doc. MUDr. Alexandr Poprach, Ph.D.

Onkologie. 2022:16(1):3

Main topic

Imaging methods and their role in postoperative follow-up for renal carcinoma

Michal Standara

Onkologie. 2022:16(1):6-9 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.001

Recommendations of professional authorities on follow-up imaging in patients after surgery for renal cancer vary. Despite general agreement on the need for individualization according to the degree of risk in a particular patient, risk stratification methods are not consistent. In the practice, the resultant follow-up pattern is always an intersection of the need to detect disease recurrence in an early stage, minimization of the patient's radiation burden, and availability of a particular imaging modality. Most recommendations suggest that, in the first three years after surgery, follow-up with CT of the chest and abdomen should be done at least once...

Adverse effects of combination immunotherapy in renal cancer, lung cancer, and melanoma

Jindřich Kopecký, Ondřej Kubeček, Aneta Kyllarová, Peter Priester

Onkologie. 2022:16(1):10-15 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.002

Over the last decade, immunotherapy has been implemented into therapeutic algorithms of various solid tumors including melanoma, renal cancer (RCC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors can be administered as both monotherapy or in combination with another checkpoint inhibitor. However, the risk of immune-related adverse events (irAE) becomes relevant in combined immunotherapy. The growing number of tumors being treated with immunotherapy rises a question whether there are differences across various tumors in terms of irAR incidence and severity. The aim of this article is to address these issues.

The role of radiotherapy in renal cell carcinoma and the potential of its combination with immunotherapy

Milan Vošmik, Mustafa Aml Banni, Libor Hruška

Onkologie. 2022:16(1):16-19 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.003

Immunotherapy has become a commonly used systemic treatment for advanced and metastatic renal cell carcinoma. The role of radiotherapy in renal cancer has shifted from palliative irradiation to the stereotactic, cranial and extracranial, radiotherapy and radiosurgery, which can be an effective alternative to surgery, especially in oligometastatic disease. The hypothesis that radiotherapy can activate the immune system and thus increase the effectiveness of immunological treatment seems promising. Unfortunately, there is still very little clinical data on the true efficacy of the combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy for renal cell carcinoma....

New treatment options for metastatic renal cell carcinoma

Alexandr Poprach, Radek Lakomý

Onkologie. 2022:16(1):20-24 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.004

The dynamic development in the treatment options for metastatic renal cell carcinoma is remarkable. Until a few years ago, we thought that the era of targeted treatment was ending and that this therapy would be replaced by immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors. Subsequently, however, it turned out that the administration of checkpoint inhibitors alone, or a their combination, would probably not be sufficient, and in some patients a combination of targeted therapy and immunotherapy would be more appropriate. It is currently considered to be the most topical submission of these combinations concomitantly. Although it is necessary to wait for data...

Review articles

Treating acute myeloid leukaemia in patients over 60 years of age in the era of targeted therapy

Miloslava Hisemová, Zdeněk Ráčil

Onkologie. 2022:16(1):25-32 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.005

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is predominantly a disease of elderly patients. Recently, the survival rates in this group have improved, as has the quality of life on which great emphasis is placed, given the limiting aspects of this serious haematological malignancy. In the era of targeted therapy with novel medicinal products, the efficacy rate of AML treatment, excluding the distinct subtype of acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) which has its own treatment regimen, has improved significantly. At the same time, a new term has been coined - semi-intensive therapeutic approach which can serve as a bridge to allogeneic transplantation (bridge-to-transplant),...

Treatment options for rectal cancer

Filip Pazdírek, Michal Vjaclovský, Marek Grega, Jiří Hoch

Onkologie. 2022:16(1):33-37 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.006

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies in all developed countries. Thanks to the introduction of colorectal cancer screening in the Czech Republic, an improvement in the situation has been observed in recent years, especially a stabilization of incidence and a decrease in mortality. Colon and rectal cancer has many similarities, but there are some differences between them, especially in treatment. The current treatment of rectal cancer is multimodal. The refinement of imaging methods, surgical and oncological treatment has led to a significant improvement in the prognosis of patients in recent years. The risk of local recurrence...

News, opportunities and contradictions of the health insurance

Libuše Čeledová, Rostislav Čevela

Onkologie. 2022:16(1):38-45 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.007

The article acquaints the reader with the changes in the field of health insurance in 2022, which relate to the use of long-term nursing and with the selected duties of nursing and medical examiners in the context of temporary incapacity for work. The authors focused mainly on the issue of extending the one-year support period and in the end propose to adjust the duration of temporary incapacity for work to 52 weeks, similar to that in Slovakia.

Case report

Surgical treatment of a frontal bone lesion in a patient with multiple myeloma

Petr Skalický, Ondřej Bradáč

Onkologie. 2022:16(1):46-49 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.008

Although the main modality for the treatment of multiple myeloma is systemic therapy, in some cases surgical procedures may be justified. Surgical solution may be indicated in case of bone complications (deformities, stability), but also other symptomatic lesions to ensure a better quality of life. It becomes important especially in the absence of diagnosis. When bone infiltration is suspected in any lesion of the skull, emphasis must be placed on detailed examination by imaging methods - especially by means of magnetic resonance imaging and laboratory examinations and referral of the patient to the appropriate specialized clinic.

At a glance

Practical strategies for breaking bad news in oncology

Zdeňka Pechačová, Tereza Drbohlavová, Radka Lohynská

Onkologie. 2022:16(1):50-52 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.009

Background: Breaking bad news is a common situation in the care of cancer patients and is challenging for both patients and healthcare professionals. Despite the fact that every patient or situation is unique there are generally valid rules of communication which can be considered as skills and it is possible to learn them. Purpose: The aim of this contribution is a brief description of tools for more confident communication - the protocol for breaking bad news SPIKES and the strategy for responding to emotions NURSE. Good management of specific communication situations in oncology significantly contributes to better patient...