Problematika paliativní medicíny v kontextu dětské onkologie

MUDr. Lucie Hrdličková

Onkologie. 2022:16(2):59  

Role of a palliative care team psychologist in children with HR neuroblastoma

Zuzana Kocábová, Lucie Hrdličková

Onkologie. 2022:16(2):64-66 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.011  

Psychological and psychotherapeutic care represents an integral part of multidisciplinary approach provided by palliative care team. In children with severe diagnosis and unfavourable prognosis such as HR neuroblastoma, psychological care plays a crucial role in providing support to the sick child and his family with the intention to help them in adaptation in the new challenging situation and in the process of anticancer treatment. The type of psychological care and frequency of psychological interventions are determined by family needs, treatment phase and individual characteristics of the patient. The article presents the role of psychologist in...

The role of the child life specialist in a complex treatment of children and adolescents with oncological diagnosis
Experiences of the psychologist of the supportive team from abroad

Gražina Kokešová Kleinová, Alice Řezníčková, Lucie Hrdličková

Onkologie. 2022:16(2):67-70 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.012  

The article introduces the role of Child Life Specialist during a process of a complex therapy of children and adolescents with oncological diagnosis. The text is based on personal experience gained by the first author during her fellowship in the Royal Marsden Hospital in London, in October 2021. The Child Life Specialist is educated and trained to help children, young patients and their families to cope with the stress from chronic and painful treatment, feelings of fear, loss of control, isolation, disability and others potentially traumatic events. Child Life Specialist uses a play as an important tool to communicate with small children and to...

Parallel role of a nurse in pediatric oncology setting and palliative care team
Professional and competency challenges in the care of children with cancer

Aneta Balvínová, Markéta Mičková, Lenka Nováková, Lucie Hrdličková

Onkologie. 2022:16(2):71-73 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.013  

In palliative care team in hospital setting, role of a nurse is essential. Nurse coordinates palliative care delivered by the team, she provides contact with the sick child and his family during the anticancer treatment and she visits the patient during the regular rounds at the ward. As a part of her role, she seeks for new patients and their families who may profit from palliative care. The article introduces a role of a nurse working both in pediatric oncology and palliative care team, benefits of such working engagement and highlights the importance of a well-functioning team.

Social work in children with cancer admitted to Pediatric palliative care team in University Motol Hospital
Case report of a boy with advanced rhabdomyosarcoma with lung and central nervous system metastasis

Hana Benešová, Denisa Makešová, Lucie Hrdličková

Onkologie. 2022:16(2):74-76 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.014  

The article describes the importance of social work in pediatric palliative care and the specific tools used. It offers an insight into this area of palliative medicine and also a brief overview of the social support available for children and their families, such as financial charity support and health and social services, which can increase the quality of life of the whole family. The article introduces a case report of an adolescent boy with cancer.

Physician´s role in communication with the patient and his family in the context of pediatric oncology
What does the involvement of palliative care physician look like in the care of children with cancer  who undergo curative treatment?

Lucie Hrdličková

Onkologie. 2022:16(2):77-80 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.015  

Early integration of palliative care is understood to be the standard of care in pediatric oncology in children with unfavorable prognosis according to the international guidelines. Early integration of palliative care improves effective communication with the patient and the parents, helps information delivery to the family and facilitates advance care planning. Palliative care team is addressed and involved while the patient undergoes curative anticancer treatment. Physician´s role in early phase of palliative care is mostly focused on communication, because other palliative care physician´s competencies, such as discussion of expected scenarios...

Vaccination of cancer patients

Šárka Rumlarová, Lucie Siráková, Petr Šmahel, Josef Chmelař, Roman Chlíbek

Onkologie. 2022:16(2):81-86 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.016  

Cancer patients have an increased risk of infectious complications, the main cause of which is an immunodeficiency condition caused by the cancer itself and its therapy. Therefore, it is appropriate to protect patients by vaccination, in particular vaccination against influenza, pneumococcal infections and covid-19. Appropriately chosen vaccines and the right timing of their administration can as a part of supportive care contribute to the success of cancer therapy.

Local therapy of uveal melanomas

Johana Glezgová

Onkologie. 2022:16(2):87-90 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.017  

Uveal melanomas are the most common primary intraocular malignity in adults and accounting for about 5-10% of all melanomas. The choise of treatment for uveal melanomas depends on the place of growth of melanoma, its spread, size, visual acuity and the general condition of the patient. Options for small melanomas are transpupillary thermotherapy, for small amelanotic melanomas photodynamic therapy and for small and medium tumors brachytherapy or for large tumors teletherapy. Surgical solutions is offered mainly for melanomas of the iris and ciliary body and endoresection is performed in selected cases for large tumors with not too wide a base. For...

Therapeutic possibilities of selected gastrointestinal complications in oncology patients

Kateřina Šašková

Onkologie. 2022:16(2):91-94 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.018  

Nausea, vomitus, diarrhea and constipation rank among the most frequent gastrointestinal complications in oncology patients. It is necessary to prevent nausea and vomitus before the therapy administration. Convenient antiemetics are chosen depending on emetogenic potential of ongoing therapeutic regimen. Main trouble in diarrhea treatment is its various etiology, even sometimes the etiology is multifactorial. Therefore it is very important to make a good differential diagnosis and to focus on patient´s anamnesis: past surgeries, ongoing therapy and patient´s regimen and diet. Constipation in oncology patient is very commonly caused by his medication,...

Disability assessment for people with cancer

Rostislav Čevela, Libuše Čeledová

Onkologie. 2022:16(2):95-103 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.019  

The article clearly introduces the issue of assessing disability in cancer patients. The authors express the opinion that the current assessment criteria for assessing disability in oncological diseases correspond to the standards of modern medicine. For other groups of diseases, however, they propose to update the assessment criteria according to the suggestions of the professional medical public. At the end of the article, on the contrary, in connection with the results of the MLSA public contract from 2016, they propose to legislatively amend the form and requirements of the disability decision and the disability report. Optimization of the medical...

Nivolumab as second-line therapy for patients with advanced NSCLC (non-small cell lung cancer)

Marie Drösslerová

Onkologie. 2022:16(2):104-106 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.020  

Immunotherapy has become integrated into the standard treatment of patients with advanced NSCLC. There are available diffe­rent immunotherapy drugs, one of them is nivolumab. Nivolumab in combination with ipilimumab and 2 cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy is indicated for the first-line treatment of metastatic NSCLC. Nivolumab as monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC after prior chemotherapy in adults. In both cases, nivolumab is for patients without EGFR mutation or ALK translocation. We present a clinical case of a 73 years old patient successfully treated...