Nové možnosti v diagnostice a terapii karcinomu ovaria

Josef Chovanec

Onkologie. 2024:18(5):287

The hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer - new trend, or a dead end?

Richard Feranec, Josef Chovanec, Gabriel Jelenek, Magdalena Plch, Jana Kalvodová, Lucie Mouková

Onkologie. 2024:18(5):291-295 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2024.060

Ovarian cancer is the most common cause of death in gynaecological malignancies. The disease is diagnosed in advanced stage with peritoneal carcinomatosis in two-thirds of cases. The treatment is based on primary cytoreductive surgery with the aim of microscopic residual disease, followed by chemotherapy. In cases where optimal cytoreduction cannot be achieved, the administration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery is an alternative. Currently, the increasing interest in evaluation of potential benefit of radical cytoreductive surgery plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) especially in frontline ovarian cancer treatment...

Serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma and management after its incidental finding

Magdalena Plch, Gabriel Jelenek, Richard Feranec, Josef Chovanec

Onkologie. 2024:18(5):296-298 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2024.061

Serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) is considered as a precursor of high-grade serous carcinoma of the pelvis (HGSC), which includes ovarian, tubal and peritoneal carcinomas. STIC is an early morphologically recognizable lesion in the pathogenesis of HGSC and is found predominantly in the distal part of the fallopian tube. Despite a great progress in elucidating the pathogenesis of ovarian carcinomas and the introduction of new pathological procedures for the diagnosis of precursor lesions of HGSC, there remain many unanswered questions.

Incidental finding of cervical adenocarcinoma after complication of caesarean section

František Velčický, Monika Náležinská, Jiří Nagy, Josef Chovanec

Onkologie. 2024:18(5):300-304 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2024.062

Carcinoma of the uterine cervix is the most frequent malignant disease diagnosed in pregnant women. Most cases are early carcinomas due to cervical screening methods (PAPP smear, HPV DNA testation and colposcopy). However sometimes the results of the examination are unclear due to the physiological pregnancy associated changes of the cervical epithelium (squamous of the vaginal portion and columnar of the cervical canal). Cervical cancer complicating pregnancy is a specific clinical situation, that requires individual approach, multidisciplinary experienced team of specialists in gynaecological oncology and in obstetrics, respecting the opinion of...

Current status of PARP inhibition in advanced, metastatic and recurent endometrial cancer

Monika Náležinská, Josef Chovanec

Onkologie. 2024:18(5):305-310 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2024.063

Knowledge of molecular subtypes of endometrial cancer (EC) has led to major changes in the classification system, prognostic groups and, as a result, in therapeutic procedures in patients with advanced, metastatic and recurrent endometrial cancer (EC) in the last few years. The most significant shift in the difficult-to-treat cohort of patients with advanced, metastatic and recurrent EC since conventional chemotherapy is clearly the combination of the checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab with the antiangiogenic agent lenvatinib, independent of the presence of microsatellite instability (MSI) of tumor cells. In the MSI-high group of carcinomas, the administration...

HIPEC - ovarian cancer case report

Gabriel Jelenek, Libor Němec, Magdalena Plch, Jana Kalvodová

Onkologie. 2024:18(5):311-314 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2024.064

Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), as a possible part of a radical cytoreductive surgery for ovarial cancer with responce or stable state after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, from 2018 due to results of game changing study is getting more focus. As a part of management of patients with ovarial cancer with the possibility to ad HIPEC to cytoreductive surgery with R0 resection.

Current status of immunotherapy for the pacients with advanced, metastatic and recurent cervical cancer

Helena Kolářová, Monika Náležinská, Josef Chovanec

Onkologie. 2024:18(5):315-317 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2024.065

Despite the identified etiopathogenesis, primary prevention and national screening program, advanced and metastatic cervical cancer remains a significant clinical problem with limited treatment options. Immunotherapeutics - checkpoint inhibitors enter the treatment portfolio in patients with inoperable locally advanced stages and bring the necessary hope in patients with progressive, metastatic and recurrent cervical cancer in the cohort of fragile, difficult-to-treat patients. The inclusion of immunotherapy in combination with chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab in first-line systemic therapy and in second-line therapy monotherapy following platinum-based...

Innovations and developments in chronic lymphocytic leukemia therapy

Martin Šimkovič

Onkologie. 2024:18(5):318-321 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2024.066

New findings in the biology of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) have major implications for the treatment of this disease. CLL cells exhibit a dependence on increased expression of BCL-2, an autonomous BCR signaling pathway, and are charac­terized by overexpression of the p110 PI3K delta kinase isoform and BTK kinase, which promotes tumor cell survival. Targeted therapies such as the monoclonal antibodies rituximab and obinutuzumab, along with small molecules such as ibrutinib, idelalisib, and venetoclax, have dramatically expanded therapeutic options, resulting in improved overall patient survival. In this context, it is note­worthy that patients...

PICC-port: a novel type of long-term venous access device for cancer patients

Viktor Maňásek

Onkologie. 2024:18(5):322-324 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2024.067

The PICC-port is a novel type of long-term venous access device that is increasingly indicated for use because of the reduced risk of complications during insertion and excellent aesthetic effect when compared with a chest port. It is the next generation of ports that has replaced the previously inserted arm or brachial ports in which inappropriate implantation hindered their widespread use due to high rates of complications. When modern recommendations are followed, the PICC-port can become the first-choice venous access in specific clinical situations.

Early ocular toxicity of targeted therapy in metastatic melanoma

Miroslav Důra, Johana Glezgová, Ivana Krajsová

Onkologie. 2024:18(5):325-329 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2024.068

The authors describe a clinical case of a patient with metastatic melanoma treated with the targeted therapy by encorafenib and binimetinib. In the very beginning of the treatment, the ocular toxicity in the form of the bilateral detachment of the outer retinal layers was detected. Subjective symptoms disappeared in 2 months and follow-up OCT confirmed the restoration of the detachment. The targeted therapy with dabrafenib and trametinib in the subsequent line of the treatment was not complicated by the symptoms of the ocular toxicity. The article discusses the ocular toxicity of the targeted therapy in melanoma, its types, grading, and management....

Emicizumab in treating acquired haemophilia A: our initial experience

Eva Drbohlavová

Onkologie. 2024:18(5):330-333 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2024.069

Acquired haemophilia A (AHA) is a rare bleeding disorder occurring particularly in the elderly. It is caused by the presence of autoantibodies against coagulation factor VIII (FVIII). It may be associated with an autoimmune disease, malignancy, occur after birth, or arise idiopathi­cally. Early diagnosis and treatment are important, which involves treatment of bleeding and immunosuppressive therapy to induce disease remission or eradicate the inhibitor. We report a case of a female patient with rheumatoid arthritis with bleeding manifestations from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), skin suffusions, and prolonged bleeding after tooth extraction. The...

Treatment of secondary immunodeficiency in hemato-oncological patients

Alexandra Jungová

Onkologie. 2024:18(5):334-338 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2024.070

Secondary immunodeficiency (SID) is a very common complication of hematologic, oncologic, or other chronic diseases and is often underestimated and overlooked. SID arises both as a result of the underlying disease and as a consequence of the administered treatment, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. It most commonly involves a deficiency in humoral immunity and clinically manifests as an increased frequency of infections, the presence of unusual complications from common infections, and the occurrence of opportunistic infections. Immunoglobulin replacement therapy is indicated for these patients as it significantly reduces patient morbidity,...

Cesta k digitální medicíně: Rozhovor s MUDr. Katarínou Petrákovou, Ph.D. – Pohled onkologa na výhody i limity technologií

Mediately

Onkologie. 2024:18(5):339-340