Onkologie. 2012:6(3):146-151

Molekulární genetika v diagnostice a prognóze Ph-negativních myeloproliferativních neoplázií. Molekulární genetika u MPN

Alessandro M.Vannucchi, Paola Guglielmelli
Section of Hematology, Department of Critical Care, University of Florence, Italy

Chronické myeloproliferativní neoplázie (MPN) představují různorodou skupinu myeloidních neoplázií, jejichž molekulární podstata je charakterizovaná

přítomností mutace JAK2V617F. Po tomto zásadním objevu bylo zjištěno několik dalších mutací, což jen zdůraznilo nečekanou

molekulární složitost. Ústředním rysem MPN je deregulace dráhy JAK/STAT a i když vzbudila velký zájem vzhledem k možnosti cílené léčby

inhibitory JAK2, dospělo se k závěru, že ve většině případů, ne-li ve všech, jsou mutace JAK2 sekundární mutační událostí. Další opakující se

otázkou je postižení genů ovlivňujících epigenetickou kontrolu genové exprese a nově také sestřih (splicing) RNA. Většinu těchto mutací mají

rovněž pacienti s myelodysplastickými syndromy. Studie zaměřené na složitou klonální hierarchii MPN svědčí o stavu genetické nestability,

který by mohl být buď získaný, nebo dědičný. V tomto ohledu nám objevení specifického zárodečného haplotypu u JAK2 poskytlo vysvětlení

jevu „familiárního clusteringu” MPN, přestože se na něm pravděpodobně podílejí i jiné, dosud neznámé haplotypy. Cílem tohoto přehledu

je shrnout současné poznatky o molekulárních abnormalitách MPN a probrat jejich úlohu v diagnostice a prognóze.

Keywords: myeloproliferativní neoplázie, mutace, JAK2, prognóza.

Published: July 31, 2012  Show citation

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Vannucchi AM, Guglielmelli P. Molekulární genetika v diagnostice a prognóze Ph-negativních myeloproliferativních neoplázií. Molekulární genetika u MPN. Onkologie. 2012;6(3):146-151.
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