Vyjádření České onkologické společnosti ČLS JEP ke zkresleným informacím o přežití onkologicky nemocných v České republice

Jiří Vorlíček, Jitka Abrahámová, Ladislav Dušek

Onkologie. 2007:1(2):47  

Gastric cancer

Tomáš Šálek

Onkologie. 2007:1(2):51-54  

Gastric cancer is still a major health problem and a leading cause of cancer mortality despite a worldwide decline in incidence. Primarily due to early detection of the disease, the results of treatment for gastric cancer have improved in Japan, Korea and several specialized Western centres. Surgery offers excellent long-term survival results for early gastric cancer (EGC). In the Western world, however more than 80 % of patients at diagnosis have an advanced gastric cancer with a poor prognosis. The aim of surgery is the complete removal of the tumour (UICC R0-resection), which is known to be the only proven, effective treatment modality and the most...

Chemotherapy of the head and neck tumors

Dagmar Sorkovská

Onkologie. 2007:1(2):55-60  

Head and neck carcinomas (HNC) are frequently occurring tumors, with more than 650 000 new cases each year worldwide. The majority of patients presents with advanced (stage III and IV) disease. Multidisciplinary approach is very important, especially for those patients with inoperable disease or those designated to organ preservation. Optimal chirurgical resection and full dose radiotherapy are the cornestone of treament. Standard treatment for patients with unresectable disease is platinum-based chemoradiotherapy. The results of recent studies that evaluated sequential induction chemotherapy including taxanes and chemoradiation have shown encouraging...

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor: A new entity in oncology

Jozef Šufliarsky

Onkologie. 2007:1(2):61-65  

Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumours of the digestive tract. The advent of targeted molecular therapy in the oncology setting has helped to transform the care of patients with these malignancies. Five years ago surgery has been the only effective treatment. Understanding of molecular pathophysiology of GIST led to the clinical development of imatinib for treating patients with this disease. Although imatinib is effective in most patients with advanced GIST, early or late resistance of tumours to imatinib is an increasing clinical problem. Number of new drugs have been tested for activity against imatinib-resistant...

Malignant tumors of the heart

Juraj Dúbrava

Onkologie. 2007:1(2):66-70  

Autoptic prevalence of the heart tumors is 0,01 – 0,3 %. 12 – 25 % of them are malignant tumors and 75 – 88 % are benign. Malignancies are more frequently found in the right heart. Metastatic tumors occur 20 – 40-times more frequently than primary neoplasms. Even 94 % of primary malignant tumors are sarcomas. Most frequent of them are angiosarcomas. Heart metastases are only found in extensive dissemination. Highest prevalence of heart metastases is observed in melanoma, followed by malignant germ cell tumors, leukemia, lymphoma, lung cancer. The clinical presentation is due to the combination of heart failure, embolism, arrhythmias,...

Imaging of gastrointestinal stromal tumor with 18FDG (fluorodeoxyglucosis) method of positron emission tomography

Izabela Makaiová

Onkologie. 2007:1(2):71-72  

Because the basal therapeutic agent Imatinib Mesilate in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) influences very quickly the transport and metabolism of glucose, positron emission tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucoce (PET/18FDG) is an exellent monitoring tool for the therapy response of this. The condition for quantification of this response is a initial investigation in the beginning of the treatment.

Bioptic diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors

Lukáš Plank

Onkologie. 2007:1(2):73-78  

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST-s) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. They usually show immunohistochemical positivity of CD117 antigen and mutations of the tyrosin kinase receptor – c-KIT or PDGFRA gene. The objective of the paper is to summarize current informations on importance of their biopsy diagnosis, especially in relation to the determination of the GIST´s histologic type, its phenotype and results of the mutational analyses. The importance of all these parameters for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of GIST´s, its prognosis and therapy is discussed.

MR imaging in differential diagnostics of liver lesions

Viera Lehotská, Zuzana Berecová

Onkologie. 2007:1(2):79-83  

Diagnosis of focal liver lesions is „the daily bread“ of each radiologist and means a diagnostic problem. Although ultrasound (US) and computer-assisted tomography (CT) are routinely used in imaging algorithm, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is still the golden standard, especially in those cases, when former imaging cannot give an unambiguous determination of the biological characteristic of the lesion. MRI should be performed before any invasive procedure (biopsy). Main advantages of MRI are better tissue resolution, multiplanar imaging feasibility (nowadays also possible with the newest CT equipment), absence of radiation, minimal...

XXI. Olomoucké hematologické dny s mezinárodní účastí, 16.-19. 6. 2007

Antonín Hluší

Onkologie. 2007:1(2):89  

Sunitinib je účinný v léčbě pokročilého karcinomu ledvin

Jaroslav Němec

Onkologie. 2007:1(2):87-88  

Autodidaktický test

Onkologie. 2007:1(2):84-86