Reálné dopady stárnutí populace

MUDr. Antonín Malina, Ph.D., MBA

Onkologie. 2012:6(4):185  

Nádory skeletu - slovo úvodem

Peter Múdry

Onkologie. 2012:6(4):189  

Aspects of ortopedical oncology

Dagmar Adámková Krákorová

Onkologie. 2012:6(4):190-194  

Bone sarcomas are extremely rare neoplasms. Early diagnosis and effective treatment are significant for the therapy achievment. According to the high specialization, multidisciplinary treatments planning by an experienced team is mandatory in all cases of bone sarcoma. Multimodal therapy is needed in case of high grade osteosarcoma and Ewing´s sarcoma/PNET, survival in patients with localised disease has improved dramatically due to the advent of effective multiagent chemotherapy regimens. Surgery is a standard treatment for patients with low grade osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma, complemented by radiation therapy in selected cases.

Primary malignant bone tumours from pathologists‘s point of view

Karel Veselý

Onkologie. 2012:6(4):195-199  

An introduction to a classification and tissue diagnostics of malignant bone tumors except haematopoietic neoplasms is presented. Current options of the accurate histotyping and grading are discussed including molecular biology methods. The exact diagnosis is essential for planning further therapy and determination of prognosis.

Current orthopedic procedures in the treatment of bone sarcomas

Pavel Janíček, Tomáš Tomáš, Zdeněk Jurášek

Onkologie. 2012:6(4):200-204  

The authors present a summary of the surgical procedures for treatment of bone tumors. Treatment of malignant bone tumors in particular, the treatment is complex and belongs to a specialized multidisciplinary centers, usually university type. In addition to increasing the percentage of surviving patients and improve their environmental comfort authors point out, on the other hand, the growing period from the first clinical symptoms after a definite diagnosis, the most common errors and the resulting recommendations.

Recent advances in treatment of bone sarcomas

Peter Múdry, Lucia Kútniková, Danica Zapletalová

Onkologie. 2012:6(4):205-208  

At present, therapy success in bone sarcoma is significantly better compared to historical cohorts, with 60–70 % overall survival. Unfortunately, no sufficient progress in better survival of patients with relapsed and refractory bone sarcomas during last twenty years has been observed. Here we review targeted therapeutics in bone sarcomas being under investigation that may bring chance to patients suffering from relapsed and chemoresistant bone sarcomas. A majority of the targeted drugs are given as part of phase 1 or 2 studies. Separately, recent successful findings of efficacy of denosumab in treatment of giant bone cell tumor are described.

Biological therapy of chronic myeloid leukemia

Elena Tóthová, Adriana Kafková

Onkologie. 2012:6(4):208-213  

The phenomenal success of therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) – positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has dramatically changed the prognosis of this disease. Despite the fact that first-line therapy of CML using imatinib represents revolutionized the treatment of this disease, it became clear that during 5 years 25–35 % of the patients require change in the therapy due to the development of imatinib resistance or failure. The most frequent mechanism responsible for imatinib resistance is development of mutation in BCR-ABL kinase domain. Mutations cause different level of imatinib resistance...

PK/PD of 5-fluorouracil during neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal carcinoma

Jiří Grim, Miloš Hroch, Jaroslav Chládek, Ondřej Slanař, Jiří Petera, Jiřina Martínková

Onkologie. 2012:6(4):214-219  

Background and Purpose: The main goal of the present study was to estimate the early patients´response following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CHRT) based on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) with curative aim in relation to plasma concentrations and pharmacokinetic parameters of 5-FU. Secondary objectives included evaluation of the safety and tolerability of the regimen. Patients and Methods: This open prospective study enrolles 34 adult patients with locally advanced rectal cancer, who received 5-FU 200 -1000 mg/m2 administered as a continuous i. v. infusion over 4–5 week and radiotherapy delivered with 10–15 MV photon beams at 1.8 Gy/fraction...

Retreatment with trastuzumab-based therapy after disease progression following lapatinib in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer

Tomáš Büchler

Onkologie. 2012:6(4):219-220  

Currently there are no standard therapeutical options for patients with metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer after progression on trastuzumab and lapatinib. Retrospective studies have indicated promising activity of trastuzumab retreatment in this clinical situation. Trastuzumab may therefore represent a valid treatment option for these patients in good overall condition.

The benefits of stereotactic biopsy for the diagnostic workup in posterior fossa lesions

Jan Chrastina, Zdeněk Novák, Pavel Cejpek, Věra Feitová, Markéta Hermanová, Michal Reif, Ivo Říha, Jiří Vaníček

Onkologie. 2012:6(4):223-226  

Histological verification of CT or MRI suspected brain tumor is at prezent time necessary requirement for the indication of complex oncological treatment. Lesions affecting posterior fossa structures are less frequent target for stereotactic biopsy because of the concentration of vital structures in the limited space and more demanding approach. The choice of the approach is determined mainly by the lesion relationship to brainstem components. It is possible to use transfrontal approach along the long axis of the brainstem (lesions affecting mezencephalic and upper pontine region), transtentorial (lesions affecting cerebellar hemisphere and...

A 59-year-old patient with oropharyngeal cancer treated with cetuximab plus radiotherapy: a case report

Michaela Zábojníková, Markéta Pospíšková, Milan Kohoutek

Onkologie. 2012:6(4):227-228  

Worldwide, head and neck tumours are the sixth leading malignant tumour. Histologically, the majority of cases are squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity, the oropharynx, the larynx, the hypopharynx, and the nasal cavity. Smoking and alcohol are the major risk factors. Recently, an association with the human papillomavirus (HPV 16) infection, particularly in the area of the oropharynx, has been discussed. Patients with the HPV 16 infection have a 15–50-fold higher risk of developing carcinoma. According to research results, it is a distinct form of carcinoma occurring in younger patients, of a higher social status, most frequently...