Prediktivní, preventivní, personalifi kovaná medicína - příslib do budoucnosti?

prof. MUDr. Václav Zamrazil, DrSc.

Onkologie. 2013:7(1):3  

Úvodem do problematiky bisfosfonátů

Zdeněk Mechl

Onkologie. 2013:7(1):8  

Anticancer activity of bisphosphonates

Katarína Petráková

Onkologie. 2013:7(1):10-12  

Bisphosphonates are commonly used in patients with breast cancer to reduce skeletal-related events in metastatic disease and to mitigate bone loss associated with adjuvant therapy. Preclinical studies have shown that bisphosphonates may directly inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. Subsequently, trials of zoledronic acid have demonstrated prolonged disease-free survival in postmenopausal or otherwise estrogen-depleted women with early breast cancer. In the ABCSG-12 trial, the addition of twice-yearly zoledronic acid (4 mg IV) to adjuvant endocrine therapy improved disease-free survival in premenopausal women undergoing ovarian...

Bisphosphonates in treating myeloma bone disease

Zdeněk Mechl

Onkologie. 2013:7(1):13-16  

The attention devoted to the effect of bisphosphonates in treating bone disease is particularly focused on bone disease in breast and prostate cancer and only exceptionally in other solid tumours. Every year, new information on bisphosphonates is presented at the ZENITH Meeting. In recent years, the meetings’ topics have centred around evidence of antitumour activity of bisphosphonates and their potential use in adjuvant therapy. Surprisingly, this year’s topic of the ZENITH Meeting was focused on bone disease in malignant myeloma, i.e. an area more likely debated by haematologists. In March 2012, 150 bisphosphonates experts from...

Bisphosphonates in urological malignancies

Jana Katolická

Onkologie. 2013:7(1):18-21  

The skeleton is a predilection site for metastasis of genitourinary tumours. If there is no treatment for bone disease, the majority of patients with metastatic prostate cancer experience skeletal-related events (SREs) during the course of the disease, including pathological fractures, spinal cord compression, the need for palliative radiotherapy, surgical procedures on the bones, cementoplasty, and the presence of hypercalcaemia, that all reduce the quality of life and increase the mortality rate. The effect of various bisphosphonates in treating bone metastases in prostate, bladder, and kidney cancers was assessed. The administration of zoledronic...

Role of denosumab in treating bone metastases

Jindřich Fínek

Onkologie. 2013:7(1):22-23  

Denosumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that specifically attacks the RANKL as the key osteoclast regulator. To date, denosumab has been used to treat around 19,000 patients in various indications, with more than 11,000 having been treated in clinical trials of oncological patients where it was tested in those with bone loss due to prostate and breast cancer therapies, for prevention of bone events in generalized multiple myeloma and many solid tumours.

Modern, individualized treatment of chronic lymphotic leukemia

Petra Obrtlíková

Onkologie. 2013:7(1):24-28  

The treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has achieved extraordinary progress over the last years. An important milestone in the treatment of CLL was reached with the incorporation of monoclonal antibodies and combined chemoimmunotherapy which led to significant improvements in treatment outcomes and survival advantage for the first time. Despite these therapeutic successes, CLL is still considered to be an incurable disease. Only the allogenic transplantation is potentially curative but it is feasible only for selected group of younger patients. There is an effort to individualize the treatment of patients with regard to the age...

Immunotherapy of bladder cancer

Milan Král, Zdeněk Mucha, Vladimír Študent

Onkologie. 2013:7(1):30-34  

The aim of this article is to present current recommendations for treatment of bladder cancer after initial transurethral resection of tumor. Adjuvant intravesical treatment with chemotherapy and immunotherapy unequivocally lowers cancer recurrence and in case of maintenance immunotherapy even more prolongs the time to bladder cancer progression. Therefore it plays an irreplaceable role in complex care of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer patients.

Therapy of Elderly/Comorbid Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Martin Šimkovič, Lukáš Smolej

Onkologie. 2013:7(1):36-40  

The management of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has recently undergone major changes. The progress was achieved by combining conventional chemotherapy with monoclonal antibodies. Chemoimmunotherapy, FCR (fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, rituximab) is currently established as a gold standard in younger and physically fit patients. However, elderly and/or comorbid patients, who represent the majority of CLL population, may not benefit from such an intensive approach due to high risk of unacceptable toxicity. Chlorambucil therefore remains the preferred treatment of choice in these patients. Dose-reduced fludarabine-based combinations as well...

Cancers, health and economy - parts of Pandora´s box?

Edvard Geryk, Petr Koška, Teodor Horváth, Václav Živec

Onkologie. 2013:7(1):40-47  

In 2008 (Globocan 2008; IARC), 12.663 million new cancer cases occurred worldwide and, of them, 2.445 million in the EU. Of 7.565 million global cancer deaths, nearly 1.235 million cases were in the EU, and from five-year cancer prevalence estimates of 28.8 million worldwide, almost 6.617 million concerned the EU. The cancer prevalence statistics included: breast, 18 %; colorectum, 11%; prostate, 11 %; lungs, 6 %; stomach, 5.5 %; cervix, 5.5 %; bladder, 4 %; uterus, 4 % round the world; and breast, 20 %; colorectum, 14 %; prostate, 18 %; lungs, 5 %; melanoma, 4 %; kidney, 3 %; uterus, 3 %; and NH lymphoma, 3 % in the EU. In 2030 the expected...

Natural compounds and their anticancer potential

Pavel Klener, Pavel Klener jr.

Onkologie. 2013:7(1):47-50  

Plant derived compounds have been an important source of many clinically useful anti-cancer agents. These include drugs acting as conventional cytostatics, such as microtubule modifiers (vincristin, vinblastin, taxanes), or topoisomerase inhibitors, such as epipodophyllotoxin and camptothecin derivatives (etoposid, irinotecan). From plant or marine organisms derived also drugs against cancer-related molecular targets (flavopiridol, combrestatin etc.), which are under clinical or preclinical development. Numerous phytochemicals derived from edible plants have been reported to interfere with a specific stage of the carcinogenic process. These...

Using cetuximab in first-line conversion therapy for liver metastatic colorectal cancer

Luboš Holubec, Marie Votavová, Václav Liška, Tomáš Skalický, Alan Sutnar, Vladislav Třeška, Jindřich Fínek

Onkologie. 2013:7(1):51-52  

In primarily unresectable liver metastases, neoadjuvant conversion systemic therapy with the use of modern chemotherapy regimens in combination with targeted biological therapy may allow for a radical surgical resection of metastatic foci in the liver. An optimal conversion regimen should be one with the least toxicity. These criteria are met by the monoclonal antibody cetuximab. The present clinical case report demonstrates the use of cetuximab in conversion therapy for liver metastases that resulted in their radical resection.

The benefits versus toxicity of temozolomide in patients with glioblastoma

Kateřina Zycháčková, Markéta Pospíšková, Milan Kohoutek, Michal Filip, Alena Jakšičová, Michal Zycháček

Onkologie. 2013:7(1):53-55  

Primary brain tumors are a heterogeneous disease. The most important is glioblastoma multiforme, which constitutes 75 % of the high grade gliomas. These are aggressive tumors with limited therapeutic options and poor prognosis. Median survival from diagnosis is 4,6 months without treatment in the management of around 12 months. The gold standard therapy today is radical surgery, chemoradiotherapy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide. In our work we focus on the benefit of adding temozolomide to standard radiotherapy compared with its toxicity.