Jak se dívat na psychosomatiku

MUDr. Radkin Honzák, CSc.

Onkologie. 2016:10(3)  

Myelodysplastic syndromes in 2016

Jaroslav Čermák

Onkologie. 2016:10(3):114-119 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2016.025  

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) represent a group of clonal disorders hematopoiesis of a great current scientific interest. Identification of new prognostic factors should more precisely define a subgroup of high risk patients within a group of patiens with early disease with generally good prognosis. These patients should be indicated for intensive treatment including stem cell transplantation early after diagnosis. New treatment approaches to early MDS include correction of ineffective eythropoiesis, in patiens with advanced disease, clinical research is focused on targeted treatment that might decrease a risk of relapse after transplantation.

Current approach for chronic myeloid leukemia treatment with tyrosin kinase inhibitors

Hana Klamová

Onkologie. 2016:10(3):120-126 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2016.026  

Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative disease which represents 15–20 % of newly diagnosed leukaemias. It is an example of a disease where the new findings in molecular biology enabled detailed recognition of disease nature as well as the discovery of a new treatment principal by tyrosin-kinase Bcr-Abl inhibition as a main therapeutic target. The introduction of tyrosin kinase inhibitors (TKI) to clinical practice has meant revolutionary change in treatment strategy and has significantly influences both the prognoses and the quality of life. Currently, three agents are available for the first line treatment: imatinib,...

Mixed myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative syndromes

Jaroslav Čermák

Onkologie. 2016:10(3):127-130 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2016.027  

Mixed myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPNs) are defined according to the current WHO classification as „clonal myeloid neoplasms that at the time of initial presentation have some clinical, laboratory or morphology findings that support a diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and other findings more consistent with myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN)“. These disorders comprise chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), atypical chronic myeloid leukemia (aCML), juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) and MDS/MPNs unclassifiable (MDS/MPN, U). In the latter subgroup, refractory anemia with ring sideroblasts (RARS)...

Treatment of cancer in pregnancy

Vít Drochýtek, Lukáš Rob, Michael J.Halaška

Onkologie. 2016:10(3):135-137 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2016.029  

With the social trend towards older motherhood, the incidence of cancer diagnosed during pregnancy increases. Oncological prognosis of such patients is no different from the non-pregnant patients diagnosed with cancer. Thanks to the current level of knowledge, many patients are offered the possibility to continue with the pregnancy with concurrent oncological treatment. This article summarizes the basic facts regarding diagnostics and treatment of cancer in pregnancy, including administration of chemotherapy.

Treatment of laryngeal carcinoma

Miloslav Pála

Onkologie. 2016:10(3):138-141 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2016.030  

The goal of treatment of laryngeal carcinoma is to remove the tumor and prevent recurrence while maintaining laryngeal function. Early-stage laryngeal carcinomas (stage I-II) are treated with either definitive radiation or surgery that preserves laryngeal function. Randomised trials helped establish the basis of larynx preservation approaches 1st and 2nd generation using radiation and chemotherapy in locoregionally advanced diseases (stage III-IV). Larynx preservation protocols provide equivalent tumor control to surgery, while allowing a substantial number of patients to avoid the mutilating sequel of surgical treatment.

Experience in the treatment of advanced HER2 positive breast tumor in University Hospital in Motol

Petra Pokorná

Onkologie. 2016:10(3):142-145 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2016.031  

A treatment of breast cancer is undergoing important advances for last years, which lead to improvement of the prognosis and to extension their overall survival. Two new drugs (pertuzumab and trastuzumab emtansin) have been classified into a practice for patients with advanced HER2 positive breast tumor. Experiences from the clinical practice confirmed the safety of both preparations and the profit for the patients.

PET/CT scanning in patients with prostate cancer

Václav Ptáčník, Jozef Kubinyi

Onkologie. 2016:10(3):146-149  

Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most common malignant tumours in men. Screening for prostate cancer, including its recurrence or metastases, using conventional imaging techniques is usually relatively poorly sensitive. Fluorodeoxyglucose, the most widely used radiopharmaceutical for positron emission tomography (PET), also exhibits low sensitivity for detecting prostate cancer. Fluorine- labelled choline (FCH) that is especially sensitive in detecting bone and soft-tissue metastases of prostate cancer is currently available in the Czech Republic and is thus becoming a major diagnostic tool, particularly in evaluating the relapse of prostate...

Fifteen years of Czech brest screening

Miroslava Skovajsová

Onkologie. 2016:10(3):150-154 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2016.033  

In the Czech Republic a countrywide mammographic screening has been in function since 2003. Thus, 5 546 037 women have been mammographically examined till the end of 2014 with 28 813 breast cancers detected, vast majority of them in early stages with a good chance for effective therapy and excellent prognosis. In the years 2003–2009 regular and health insurance paid examinations were available to women in age 45–69. Since 2010 mammographic screening has been extended beyond 69 years of age with no upper limit. The participation of Czech women in mammographic screening exceeded 50 % already in 2008, in 2014 reached even 62,8 %....

Prognostic significance of survivin expression in patients with locally advanced rectal

Josef Dvořák, Veronika Sitorová, Igor Richter, David Buka, Igor Sirák, Zuzana Donátová, Jana Hátlová, René Vobořil

Onkologie. 2016:10(3):131-134 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2016.028  

adenocarcinoma treated with postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy Background and aim: Survivin is a multifunctional protein that inhibits apoptosis, and plays a central role in cell division. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy induce apoptosis in cancer cells. In a study on colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines was observed an inverse correlation between the expression of survivin and spontaneous and radiotherapy-induced apoptosis. The aim of this study was to determine the pretreatment expression of survivin in patients treated with postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy for locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma and evaluate its prognostic significance....