Nemalobuněčný karcinom plic – pokroky v léčbě

prof. MUDr. Jana Skřičková, CSc.

Onkologie. 2018:12(4):151  

Advances in radiotherapy for lung cancer

Milada Zemanová

Onkologie. 2018:12(4):155-160 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2018.029  

In treating lung cancer, radiotherapy is the basic modality, with an established therapeutic benefit in radical and palliative settings inup to 76% of all patients. In the Czech Republic, the proportion of patients with bronchogenic carcinoma treated with radiotherapydoes not exceed 25% in the long run. In the case of clinically inoperable stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the method ofchoice is stereotactic radiotherapy that provides local control in as much as 90% after three years, and its efficacy is similar to that ofsurgery, while having better tolerance. Postoperative radiotherapy is suitable in the case of mediastinal lymph node involvement....

Current treatment options for squamous cell carcinoma of the lung

Miloš Pešek

Onkologie. 2018:12(4):161-167 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2018.030  

In this concise article, the author presents the differences between squamous cell and non-squamous cell lung cancers in termsof clinical, phenotypic, and genetic parameters. Squamous cell cancers are generally associated with an older age of patients,more serious comorbidities, and less frequent metastases to the brain in comparison with non-squamous cell cancers. In terms ofgenetics, they have a different spectrum of driver mutations, with biologically targeted therapy having only limited possibilities inthese cancers (ramucirumab, erlotinib, afatinib). More recently, immune-oncological treatment using the monoclonal antibodiesnivolumab, pembrolizumab,...

Adjuvant chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer – how it is used in the practice

Vítězslav Kolek

Onkologie. 2018:12(4):170-174 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2018.031  

Adjuvant chemotherapy is a standard treatment method for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in stages IB (in tumours ≥ 4 cm indiameter), II, and IIIA. The recommendation is based on the results of a series of phase 3 trials and large meta-analyses that haveconfirmed the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on the reduction in the relative risk of death and absolute improvement in fiveyearsurvival rates. There have been several population-based as well as regional studies evaluating the results of administrationof adjuvant chemotherapy outside clinical trials. They mainly differ in the inclusion of patients whose selection is not influencedby exclusion...

Treatment of patients with non-small cell cancer and EGFR mutations

Jana Skřičková, Blanka Robešová, Ondřej Venclíček, Bohdan Kadlec, Marcela Tomíšková, Lenka Jakubíková, Jana Špeldová, Zdeněk Merta

Onkologie. 2018:12(4):175-181 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2018.032  

Considering treatment after establishing the diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), it is currently attempted to selecta drug that is shown to be effective in a tumor that carries certain morphological and / or molecular genetic features. At theturn of the third millennium, biological therapy preparations began to be applied in NSCLC treatment that selectively interferedwith intracellular processes in the tumor cell. Biologic therapies act on tumor cells by a mechanism different from standard chemotherapy.Biologically targeted treatment is sometimes also called targeted molecular therapy. The epidermal growth factorreceptor (EGFR) is a transmembrane...

Treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer with ALK rearrangement

Ondřej Venclíček

Onkologie. 2018:12(4):182-184 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2018.033  

The article presents a brief summary of the basic theoretical knowledge of non-small cell lung cancer harbouring mutation in theanaplastic lymphomkinase (ALK) gene. It also discusses the current possibilities of oncology therapy targeting the ALK mutation –the inhibitors of ALK signaling pathway and current options of their use in the Czech Republic.

The role of immunotherapy in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer

Bohdan Kadlec

Onkologie. 2018:12(4):185-193 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2018.034  

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the Czech Republic and worldwide. Of all lung cancer cases at least80 % are non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). For patients with advanced-stage NSCLC, modern platinum doublet chemotherapyresults in a median overall survival (OS) of 10 months. Recently, personalized therapy for patients with tumors with specificmolecular biological characteristics, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors for tumors with activating EGFR mutations, has resulted inbetter OS outcomes in these biologically selected subgroups. Significant improvement in overall survival (OS) has been achievedin recent years with...

Possible influence of psychological factors on progression of oncological disease

Martin Pospíchal

Onkologie. 2018:12(4):194-197 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2018.035  

Research projects of the last few decades, running in many universities and workplaces around the world show that purely biologicalfactors may not be the only cause of all changes which take place in our body. It is needed to take into consideration alsothe psychosocial factors and their possible effects on the immune system, the development of chronic inflammation and otherprocesses related to progression of oncological diseases.

Bevacizumab in epithelial ovarian cancer treatment, efficiency and risks

Jana Ďurková

Onkologie. 2018:12(4):198-202 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2018.036  

Ovarian cancer represents serious medical and social problem worldwide. Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynaecologicalcancer in developed countries, causes more than 50 % deaths in this tumor group. More than 75 % of women haveadvanced disease (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics [FIGO] stage IIIC or IV) at diagnosis, and have a 5-yearsurvival rate of less than 25 %. Diagnostic tools for screening have not been found yet. Treatment possibilities (surgery, chemotherapy)are insufficient while high tendency to recurrence and chemoresistance occurs. Bevacizumab represents progress inthe treatment of this disease and...

Nab-paclitaxel in a long-term patient with metastatic pancreatic carcinoma

Beatrix Bencsiková

Onkologie. 2018:12(4):203-204 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2018.037  

Pancreatic carcinoma continues to be among tumors with high mortality. Systemic anticancer treatment did not bring any significant progress,however, there is a trend towards better therapeutic outcomes. For locally advanced inoperable and metastatic of the newer regimens ofFOLFIRINOX and the combination of nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine have a very good effect and toxicity over long-term administration.