Současné léčebné možnosti uroteliálního karcinomu

doc. MUDr. Alexandr Poprach, Ph.D.

Onkologie. 2019:13(5):191  

Surgical treatment of urinary bladder cancer

Otakar Čapoun

Onkologie. 2019:13(5):195-200 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2019.037  

Diagnosis and primary treatment of bladder tumors involve careful transurethral resection. Histology specifies tumor type, grading and depth of invasion into the wall of bladder. Based on the latter, tumors divide into non–muscle–invasive and muscle–invasive. There are four main risk groups of non–muscle–invasive tumors. According to them, the monitoring or intravesical chemotherapy or immunotherapy are indicated. Early radical cystectomy (RC) should be performed in the highest risk group. The surgical approach for invasive tumors includes RC, pelvic lymphadenectomy and urinary diversion, most often in the ureteroileostomy...

Chemotherapy and targeted therapy for bladder cancer

Tomáš Büchler, Aneta Rozsypalová

Onkologie. 2019:13(5):201-204 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2019.038  

Chemotherapy is still the dominant modality of systemic treatment for urothelial carcinoma (UC) of the bladder. The single mostimportant drug in the treatment of UC is cisplatin, usually administered in combination regimens. However, the use of cisplatincombinations is limited by its marked nephrotoxicity. Although new treatment options have become available with the progressof immunooncology, satisfactory treatment options do not yet exist for patients progressing after chemotherapy and immunotherapy.New targeted drugs such as enfortumab vedotin or erdafitinib have shown promiseing results in this setting.

What is new in radiotherapy for bladder cancer

Pavel Krupa

Onkologie. 2019:13(5):205-208 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2019.039  

The position of radiotherapy in bladder cancer treatment is primarily a alternative method in patients who are not candidates forradical cystectomy. It stays as basic palliative method as well.

Immunotherapy in urothelial cancer

Alexandr Poprach, Radek Lakomý, Jiří Navrátil

Onkologie. 2019:13(5):209-213 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2019.040  

The treatment of patients with the locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer is enriched by the immunotherapy. The immunotherapy is superior in pacients unfit for cisplatine. After the failure platinum based chemotherapy, the immunotherapy provided very similar results in overall survival and overall response rate like the chemotherapy, but we have to emphasize the better quality of life in the patients treated by immunotherapy. And to another point, in patients with responses on the immunotherapy, these responses are often prolonging. The probabilities of being alive are two or three times longer comparing with chemotherapy too. Up to date,...

The radiologist´s role in the care of woman with breast cancer

Lucia Veverková, Ľubica Löwová, Ivan Šišola

Onkologie. 2019:13(5):215-219 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2019.041  

Breast cancer is one of the most common type of cancer found in women. About 7 000 women with breast cancer are diagnosed in Czech Republic annually. In the Czech Republic, a screening program was launched in September 2002 to search early (asymptomatic and therefore potentially more curable) breast cancer. The fundamental role of radiodiagnostics is in the detection of disease and in dispensary care within the so-called tertiary prevention (prevention of women with a personal history of breast cancer). The radiologist is involved in therapeutic procedures and in the diagnosis and therapy of possible treatment-related complications. In the case of...

Chemotherapy alone no longer a treatment standard for advanced non-small cell lung cancer

Libor Havel

Onkologie. 2019:13(5):221-224 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2019.042  

Targeted therapy and immunotherapy are an unquestionable treatment standard for NSCLC in the first line. The decision concerningNSCLC treatment requires the knowledge of results of predictive testing in all patients, with identification of predictive biomarkersbeing an integral part of NSCLC diagnosis. In order to improve the prognosis of patients with NSCLC, it is necessary to provide precisediagnostics that will allow identification of those eligible for targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Adjustment of effective cooperationof individual workplaces with Comprehensive Cancer Centres will increase the availability of novel drugs...

Current treatment options for cancer pain

Jan Lejčko

Onkologie. 2019:13(5):226-232  

The treatment of cancer pain is an important part of a comprehensive oncological approach. Pharmacotherapy with strong opioids is of crucial importance. The currently available opioid agents, including opioids for the control of breakthrough pain, allow for appropriate individualization of pain management. The use of additional, more recent options of pharmacotherapy, such as cannabinoids, adjuvant analgesics, antidepressants, and local treatment agents, can contribute to improving the quality of analgesia. In the case of refractory pain, interventional pain treatment procedures can be beneficial. Continuous treatment monitoring and multidisciplinary...

Prognostic and predictive markers in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) – 1st part

Martin Svatoň

Onkologie. 2019:13(5):233-236 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2019.044  

Treatment results in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) differ from patient to patient. This is due to the different biological nature of the individual tumors, but also to the effect of the surrounding tumor stroma and the general organism of the patient. Therefore, there is a tendency to find prognostic and predictive markers to better target treatment for individual patients. Not only at the beginning of the treatment, but also during the development of the disease, when NSCLC changes its characteristics. These potential markers in the field of clinical and molecular parameters are discussed in detail in this article. In this first part possible...

Complete remission during FOLFIRI + aflibercept (Zaltrap) treatment in patient with liver and lung metastasis from colorectal cancer

Marián Liberko, Renata Soumarová

Onkologie. 2019:13(5):237-242 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2019.045  

Case report describes a case of patient with metastatic colorectal carcinoma, presenting with liver and lung metastases. Completeremission of liver and lung metastases was achieved with use of 2nd line palliative systemic treatment (FOLFIRI + aflibercept) twoyears from initiation of palliative treatment.