Fetomaternální onkologie – nový podobor

prof. MUDr. Michael Halaška, Ph.D.

Onkologie. 2020:14(2):71  

Epidemiology and prognosis of malignant tumours in pregnancy

Martin Hruda

Onkologie. 2020:14(2):74-77 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.012  

The incidence of malignancy in pregnancy has long been a marginal issue; however, in the last decades, its incidence has been growing with the increasing age of expectant mothers. Malignant disease in pregnancy is a complication for approximately 20-40/100,000 pregnant women. Cervical cancer, breast cancer, melanoma, and haematological malignancies are among the most common diagnoses. In the majority of cases, the prognosis of malignant disease discovered during pregnancy does not differ from that of unpregnant patients. In many malignancies, however, early symptoms may be masked due to pregnancy changes, resulting in them being diagnosed at a later...

Diagnosis and staging of cancer in pregnancy

Anna Babková

Onkologie. 2020:14(2):78-81 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.013  

The most common cancer diseases in pregnancy include gynaecological malignancies, malignant melanoma, haematological malignancies, and thyroid carcinoma. Given the fact that a number of malignant disease symptoms are masked by physiological changes in pregnancy, their diagnosis has specific considerations and limitations. For diagnosis and staging, modalities that do not use ionizing radiation are preferred; therefore, ultrasound examination and magnetic resonance imaging are at the forefront of diagnosis. The use of tumour markers in pregnancy is limited since a number of them are increased physiologically during pregnancy. Although relatively rare,...

Oncological treatment in pregnancy

Michael Halaška

Onkologie. 2020:14(2):82-84 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.014  

When a malignant disease is diagnosed in pregnancy, oncological treatment must be considered depending on the stage of the disease, gestational age, and the patient's wish regarding maintaining the pregnancy. The goal is not to terminate pregnancy immediately but, instead, to perform appropriate staging workup and only then to suggest a possible strategy within the context of a multidisciplinary team, with an effort made to follow standard procedures to the greatest extent possible. Preoperative examination as well as specific features of pregnancy are described in detail in the previous chapter called Diagnosis and staging of cancer in pregnancy....

Prenatal and postnatal management of children exposed to cancer treatment in utero

Vít Drochýtek

Onkologie. 2020:14(2):85-87 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.015  

Malignancy diagnosed during pregnancy poses a threat to both maternal and fetal life. For the vast majority of patients pregnancy itself does not worsen their prognosis. When considering cancer treatment in pregnancy we avoid jeopardizing patients' survival by delay of treatment while simultaneously aiming for on-term delivery since prematurity is a major driver of neonatal mortality and morbidity. Thanks to growing evidence regarding the safety of such treatment more children are exposed to cancer treatment in utero. Administration of chemotherapy, in particular, requires careful fetal surveillance and optimal obstetric management. Despite the generally...

Obstacles of the laboratory screening methods - the "-omic" era?

Monika Náležinská, Lenka Zdražilová Dubská, Dalibor Valík, Lenka Hernychová, Tomáš Pavlík, Monika Mazalová, Josef Chovanec, Vuk Fait

Onkologie. 2020:14(2):88-92 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.016  

Up to date publications have always considered ovarian carcinoma to be an unpreventable disease. Respectively there has not been yet identified a screening method or a combination of methods for population application. Herewith we are presenting the history of laboratory methods and their present use. This is our introduction of the results of two pilot studies. First, we examined the serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF D to be a potential biomarker of early ovarian carcinoma with interesting data. Second pilot study presents the results of measurement of specific glycan profiles in association with resistance to platinum chemotherapy...

Residual disease after neoadjuvant systemic anti-HER2 therapy: the KATHERINE trial

Katarína Petráková

Onkologie. 2020:14(2):93-95 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.017  

The primary goal of neoadjuvant systemic therapy is to achieve tumour operability. The achievement of pathological complete remission (pCR) also serves as a prognostic factor, particularly in patients with an aggressive type of tumour. Those with a residual tumour following neoadjuvant therapy have a worse prognosis. The KATHERINE clinical trial has shown that patients with HER2-positive breast cancer with a residual tumour after neoadjuvant anti-HER2 therapy who were subsequently treated with T-DM1 had a significantly better overall survival (OS) in comparison with those who continued to receive treatment with trastuzumab. According to the results...

Selected frequent special palliative procedures in NSCLC

Martin Svatoň

Onkologie. 2020:14(2):96-99 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.018  

Treatment of non-small cell lung cancer is often associated with the need to treat some of the complicating factors associated with the disease. This article outlines the issues and solutions to the most commonly seen patient problems (except general cancer problems such as pain or malnutrition). Specifically, it deals with haemoptysis, upper vena cava syndrome, tumor airway obstruction, malignant effusions, respiratory insufficiency, thromboembolic diseases, hyponatraemia, hypercalcemia, bone and brain metastases. Its aim is to introduce the practical possibilities of solving these complications.

Ostacles of the daily care of patients with permanent urine catether following radical gynae-oncological surgical procedure in Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic

Zdeňka Pešová, Monika Náležinská, Marie Dvořáková, Jana Kocurková, Josef Chovanec

Onkologie. 2020:14(2):100-102 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.019  

The aim of this report is to summarize the problematics of permanent urine catether in gyne-oncological patients. The main troubles result mainly from infectious complications and from accidental extraction of the catether by the patient herself. The infectious complications can be managed well by following the instructions (aseptic conditions, sufficient intake of liquids etc.). However the other problem (accidental extraction by the patient) can not be influenced well. Eventhoug patients are educated and well informed, there is still aproximately same number of these cases.