Léčba nádorů tlustého střeva – kterým směrem je budoucnost?

Dagmar Brančíková

Onkologie. 2020:14(6):255  

Treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer in the year 2020

Lenka Ostřížková

Onkologie. 2020:14(6):258-261 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.089  

Colorectal cancer is a major public health problem not only in the Czech Republic. In approximately 25 % of cases, distant metastases are diagnosed synchronously with a primary tumour of the colon or rectum. In about half of the patients, metastases occur metachronously. Patients in whom surgical treatment of metastases is feasible have the best prognosis for long-term survival in clinical stage IV. Unfortunately, in the large majority, the goal of treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer is to slow down disease progression and prolong survival with a good quality of life. Interdisciplinary cooperation and individual approach with respect to predictive...

The sequence of antiVEGF(R) preparations in the treatment of metastatic colorectal carcinoma in 2020

Ivana Kosíková

Onkologie. 2020:14(6):263-267 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.090  

Pathological angiogenesis plays a significant role in tumor growth and metastasis in colorectal carcinoma. Antiangiogenic therapy in combination with chemotherapy currently plays an irreplaceable role in the treatment of mCRC. The sequence of use of individual antiVEGF(R) preparations is based on the results of clinical trials. Currently, no biomarkers have been validated to determine which patients with mCRC would benefit the most from anti-VEGF therapies.

Neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer

Monika Blažková

Onkologie. 2020:14(6):268-270 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.091  

Colon and rectal cancers rank highest among adult tumors. Sixty percent of rectal tumors are stage 1, 2, and 3. Unfortunately, 40 % are diagnosed in clinical stage IV. The approach to the treatment of rectal cancer is multimodal. It involves a surgeon, endoscopist, radiation and clinical oncologist, and radiologist. It includes both systemic and local treatment, including radiotherapy. A neoadjuvant approach is used in stage T3 disease, especially in the presence of nodal involvement. The goals of neoadjuvant treatment are twofold: downstaging and reducing the risk of recurrence.

Palliative Radiation Therapy in Symptom Management of Advanced Cancer

Zdeňka Pechačová, Jitka Končeková, Radka Lohynská, Miloslav Pála, Ferdinand Třebický, Zdenka Weitoschová

Onkologie. 2020:14(6):271-277 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.092  

Background: Radiotherapy is a mainstay of oncology treatment. This method improves local control of disease and relieves symptoms of metastatic cancer. Patients and methods: The effect (according to symptom palliation and imaging methods) and toxicity (according to Radiation Therapy Oncology Group criteria) of palliative radiotherapy were evaluated in several groups of patients from more departments: Department of Oncology of General University Hospital in Prague (OK VFN), Institute of Radiation Oncology of Na Bulovce Hospital, Prague (ÚRO NNB) and Department of Oncology of Motol Hospital, Prague (OK FNM). Results: Two groups of patients irradiated...

Non-cancer external radiotherapy

Jakub Cvek, Iveta Halfarová, Lukáš Molenda, Lukáš Knybel

Onkologie. 2020:14(6):278-281 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.093  

Non-cancer radiotherapy is most commonly used to treat inflammatory and degenerative diseases of the locomotor system. Stereotactic techniques are typically used for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia and their use in treating functional diseases also appears to be promising. Apart from the Czech Republic, non-cancer radiotherapy is used widely in Germany where the numbers of patients receiving non-cancer radiotherapy exceed the numbers of cancer patients. When indicated with discretion, it is a highly effective and safe method which clearly meets the requirements for radiation protection.

Physiotherapy as part of comprehensive treatment in women after breast surgery

Kateřina Tichá

Onkologie. 2020:14(6):283-286 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.094  

Breast cancer ranks highest for the number of deaths in women aged 20-54 years. Breast cancer surgery significantly affects the locomotor system. Changes in the locomotor system occur in the area of the upper limb girdle, cervical and thoracic spine, and ribs. Physiotherapy offers a wide choice of physiotherapeutic methods and concepts which can be used successfully in women after breast surgery in both the preoperative and postoperative period as well as during convalescence.

Transarterial chemoembolization as a palliative treatment for primary and secondary liver cancers: the 2013-2017 cohort of the Pilsen University Hospital

Jakub Fichtl, Vladislav Třeška, Tomáš Skalický, Václav Liška, Josef Vodička, Petr Duras, Jakub Šebek, Kristýna Procházková

Onkologie. 2020:14(6):287-290 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.095  

Introduction: The incidence of primary liver cancers, i.e. hepatocellular and cholangiocellular carcinoma in particular, is increasing constantly in the Czech Republic. It is especially the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) which rises steadily, currently accounting for approximately 8-10 cases per 100,000 population. Worldwide, it represents the fourth most common malignant disease. The incidence of cholangiocellular carcinoma is one-tenth of that of HCC. Of the secondary liver cancers, colorectal cancer metastases occur most commonly which are also the most frequent surgical diagnosis (approximately 80% of patients) for a liver surgeon....

Cílená léčba mutované formy isocitrát dehydrogenázy 1 u akutní myeloidní leukemie - příběh ivosidenibu

Chinmoy K Bose, Nirban Basu, Mohini Basu

Onkologie. 2020:14(6):295-298 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.097  

V roce 2008 byly mutace u isocitrát dehydrogenázy 1 a 2 (mIDH 1 a 2) poprvé z celé řady typů solidních nádorů zjištěny u multiformního glioblastomu (GBM). Rok nato, tedy v roce 2009, byla prokázána přítomnost takové mutace u akutní myeloidní leukemie (AML). Blokátor mIDH 2 enasidenib se dostal na trh poprvé jako lék pro relabující/refrakterní AML u dospělých pacientů v roce 2017. V roce 2019 byl však pro léčbu relabující/refrakterní AML schválen blokátor mIDH 1 ivosidenib (AG-120). Koncem roku 2019 byl schválen i pro neléčené dospělé pacienty s AML. Již v průběhu časné fáze klinického hodnocení dostal vzhledem ke slibným výsledkům možnost využití v...

The role of nurse in psychosocial support of grandparents of children with oncological diseases

Olga Klepáčková, Martina Černá

Onkologie. 2020:14(6):291-294 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.096  

Grandparents of children with cancer find themselves after confirmation of the diagnosis in a situation that differs in many aspects from the experience of other family members and which is characterized by certain specifics. Frequently they have an irreplaceable role in helping with further functioning of the family, providing practical and emotional support to parents or siblings, often they are also involved in care for the ill child. However, their own needs often remain unmet, and in the context of pediatric oncology, grandparents represent a very vulnerable group of people affected by this life experience and its impact. Unlike parents, they...