Karcinom plic – svítání nad vodami?

prof. MUDr. Miloš Pešek, CSc.

Onkologie. 2021:15(6):263  

Significance and benefit of testing for circulating tumour DNA in diagnosing and treating non-small cell lung cancer

Miloš Pešek

Onkologie. 2021:15(6):266-271 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2021.050  

The present paper deals with the current situation and possible use of testing ctDNA in the blood of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It presents an overview of the current most frequently used platforms for these tests as well as the results of some studies utilized by these tests when choosing systemic treatment and monitoring its efficacy. These tests particularly lend themselves to be used in initial diagnosis and choosing the treatment strategy as well as in monitoring the course of cancer treatment, which allows to determine the emergence of resistant mutations and development of tumour heterogeneity. Other options include diagnosing...

Treatment options for non-small cell lung stage III cancer

Martin Svatoň, Daniel Krejčí

Onkologie. 2021:15(6):272-276 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2021.051  

This work deals with a wide range of treatment options for patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The article discusses the possibilities of surgical solutions, where it points to the irreplaceable role of a multidisciplinary team, especially in patients with positive lymph nodes of category N2. In this part, the possibilities of neoadjuvant/adjuvant chemotherapy or immunotherapy are also discussed. The issue of postoperative radiotherapy is also discussed. In patients who are not suitable for resection, the work deals with the reasons for the preference for concomitant over sequential chemoradiotherapy. Furthermore, the article...

Identification and management of early-stage lung cancer

Daniel Krejčí, Norbert Pauk

Onkologie. 2021:15(6):277-283 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2021.052  

Lung cancer is known as aggressive disease with poor prognosis which correlates with the baseline tumour clinical stage. Screening programs aim to identify lung cancer in early-stages to increase survival. Surgery is preferred treatment modality, but radiotherapy can be equal option, too. In some patients we administer the adjuvant or induction treatment like chemotherapy. Immunotherapy and targeted therapy have also big potential in early setting according to the actual data. This article reviews identification and treatment possibilities of the early-stage non-small cell lung cancer.

NSCLC (Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer) and kidney tumor in the elderly patient with response to chemoimmunotherapy

Marie Drösslerová

Onkologie. 2021:15(6):284-286 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2021.053  

Immune checkpoint inhibitors are standard of care for front-line metastatic NSCLC without activating mutations. In the Czech Republic, due to health insurance reimbursement it is possible to choose treatment with pembrolizumab monotherapy (squamous and nonsquamous NSCLC with PD-L1 expression ≥ 50 %) or combination of pembrolizumab and platinum-based chemotherapy (squamous NSCLC with PD-L1 expression 1-49 %, nonsquamous NSCLC with PD-L1 expression 1-100 %). The efficacy of pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy for metastatic nonsquamous NSCLC was proved by KEYNOTE-189 trial. Pembrolizumab has a broad range of other indications (e. g. renal cell carcinoma,...

To recommend "Do not smoke!" is not enough

Eva Králíková

Onkologie. 2021:15(6):287-288 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2021.054  

The treatment of tobacco dependence should be a obligatory part of cancer care, as should the treatment of other diseases. Both smoking impact and the treatment of this addiction have their specifics in oncology.

Phytopharmaceuticals in preventing and treating complications of anticancer treatment - part 2

Vilma Vranová, Jan Šaloun

Onkologie. 2021:15(6):289-292 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2021.055  

The second part of the paper is focused on the nervous system. Complaints basically fall into two categories: those induced by treatment (after-effects of radiotherapy or pharmacotherapy) and those caused by the fact that the person has a serious disease, which may include insomnia, anxiety, or depression. Obviously, mental complaints may also be encountered in family members and caregivers.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumour with multiple mutations of c-KIT gene after tyrosine kinase inhibitors therapy

Katarína Lešková, Jozef Škarda, Andrea Štanclová, Peter Szépe, Mária Janíková, Lenka Henzlová, Lukáš Plank

Onkologie. 2021:15(6):293-295 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2021.056  

Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) represent the most common mesenchymal tumours of the digestive tract. Based on various parameters, the recent GIST treatment includes surgical and/or targeted therapy using tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). In this paper we present a case of 53-year-old patient with c-KIT exon 11 (p.W557_558Kdel) mutated primary GIST of stomach diagnosed by a gastroscopic biopsy and treated by neoadjuvant TKI therapy using imatinib. After incipient disease stabilization, the patient developed therapy resistance. In spite of the second and third-line TKI treatment and radical surgery, the following disease course consisted...

Disseminated endometrial cancer?

Gabriel Jelenek, Josef Chovanec

Onkologie. 2021:15(6):296-298 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2021.057  

A case report of the disseminated tumor of unknown origin. Primarily thought as relaps of the endometrial cancer with aplication of the palliative chemotherapy without effect. Further on application of the radiotherapy for progression sites of the tumor. During the treatment period imunohistochemistry and predictive genetics found, that disseminated proces is neither primary endometrial cancer, nor lung cancer, but it is dissemination of the undifferenciated cancer of unknown origin.

Primary angiosarcoma of the breast

Lenka Svobodová, Renata Soumarová

Onkologie. 2021:15(6):299-301 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2021.058  

Primary angiosarcoma of the breast is a rare malignancy, usually affecting young women between the third and fourth decades of life. It is manifested as a palpable, rapidly growing mass in the breast of women with no history of exposure to ionizing radiation. Surgery is the main treatment modality, with the role of radiotherapy and chemotherapy remaining unclear due to a lack of randomized clinical trials. The prognosis of primary angiosarcoma is unfavourable, with a high rate of local recurrence and early haematogenous dissemination, particularly to the lungs, being typical.

Cemiplimab in treatment of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma

Simona Michalčová

Onkologie. 2021:15(6):302-306 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2021.059  

Case report describe patient with metastatic squamous cell carcinoma treated with anti-PD-1 antibody cemiplimab. Cemiplimab is currently the only approved medication for locally advanced or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma.