Radioterapie v méně častých indikacích

MUDr. Miloslav Pála, Ph.D., MBA

Onkologie. 2022:16(4):163  

Impact of comorbidities and lifestyle factors on treatment outcomes in patients with laryngeal cancer - a single institution retrospective review

Zdeňka Pechačová, Radka Lohynská, Miloslav Pála, Tereza Drbohlavová

Onkologie. 2022:16(4):166-172 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.032  

Background: Surgical approaches that preserve laryngeal function are the mainstay of treatment for early-stage laryngeal cancer. In advanced stages, total laryngectomy is associated with a significant mutilation of the patient and (chemo)radiotherapy may provide an organ-preserving treatment. The aim of this report is to present the influence of comorbidities and lifestyle factors on treatment outcomes in a cohort of patients irradiated for laryngeal cancer at the Institute of Radiation Oncology of Bulovka University Hospital (IRO FNB), Prague, Czech Republic, in the years 2009-2018. Patients and methods: During this period, curative radiotherapy for...

Internal clinical audit at a radiotherapy department - our own experience

Zdeňka Pechačová, Jarmila Suková, Radka Lohynská, Lucie Štelciková, Zuzana Šebelová, Marie Vosyková, Pavla Nováková, Tereza Drbohlavová

Onkologie. 2022:16(4):173-176 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.033  

Background: An audit is an independent documented process for checking the accuracy of the activities performed and is intended to increase the quality of provided healthcare and more efficient working procedures. There are two basic types of audits: internal, which is performed within the organization, and external, performed by an accredited company. The purpose of the audit is to provide independent feedback, verify the functionality of the system and analyse risks. Procedures for quality assurance in radiotherapy, including audits, are delineated by international and Czech legislation. The specific form of internal clinical audit is defined within...

Pathologic fractures as a late complication of postoperative radiotherapy of soft tissue sarcomas of the lower extremities

Tereza Drbohlavová, Zdeňka Pechačová, Jan Lesenský, Radka Lohynská

Onkologie. 2022:16(4):177-183 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.034  

Background: The mainstay of treatment of soft tissue sarcomas is surgery, in indicated cases followed by postoperative radiotherapy. Pathological fracture resulting from late toxicity of radiotherapy, especially in the lower extremities, significantly affects the patient's quality of life. The aim of this report is to analyze the frequency of pathological fractures in patients treated with adjuvant radiotherapy. Patients and methods: During the period 2007-2018 forty one patients were treated with adjuvant radiotherapy at the Institute of Radiation Oncology of Bulovka University Hospital (IRO BUH). All patients underwent 3D conformal radiotherapy....

Supportive Care for Patients with Head and Neck Cancer during Radiotherapy

Petra Holečková

Onkologie. 2022:16(4):184-188 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.035  

Supportive care plays an important role in cancer therapy. Good supportive care helps to control toxicity, maintain or improve quality of life and lenghten overall survival. Supportive care includes anagotherapy, therapy of nauzea, vomitus diarhoea, infectious complications, therapy of hematotoxicity, dyspnoea, fatigue and in radiotherapy of haed and neck cancers also therapy of skin toxicity and oral mucositis. Nutritional care is very important part of supportive care, because malnutrition is an independent prognostic and predictive factor. The artice concludes recomendation not only of two working groups of Czech oncology society - for supportive...

Specifics of cancer care for LGBTQI+ patients

Zdeňka Pechačová, Radka Lohynská, Tereza Drbohlavová

Onkologie. 2022:16(4):189-194  

Background: In Europe, approximately 6% of people identify as LGBTQI+ and approximately 1% as transgender. This community remains less visible to the healthcare system, as sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) data is not structurally collected and patients are often reluctant to disclose SOGI to healthcare professionals due to fear of discrimination. Therefore, many of the specific needs of these patients remain unmet. Specific risks, including cancer risk factors, can be identified in LGBTQI+ subgroups. Purpose: The aim of this contribution is to summarise the specifics of cancer care for LGBTQI+ patients. This includes risk...

Genetic testing in ovarian cancer

Jana Soukupová

Onkologie. 2022:16(4):195-199 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.037  

Ovarian cancer is a disease with a significant hereditary component. Hereditary mutations in clinically relevant genes (including BRCA1 and BRCA2) are found in one in four patients in our population. Therefore, genetic testing for germline mutations is indicated for every patient with this disease (epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube or peritoneal cancer), regardless of the histopathological type of ovarian tumour or age at diagnosis. Nearly one in five patients (up to 20% of all patients with ovarian cancer) carries a pathogenic germline mutation in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Genetic testing has prognostic and predictive...

News in treatment of gastrointestinal cancer

Kateřina Šašková

Onkologie. 2022:16(4):200-205 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.038  

Following article summarizes selected, important, recently evaluated studies that will influence guidelines for treatment of gastrointestinal tumours - oesophageal cancer, gastroesophageal junction tumours, colorectal carcinoma, hepatobiliary cancer and gastrointestinal stromal tumours. In particular, Phase III studies related to the clinical part of oncology were selected.

New treatment options for cutaneous T-cell lymphomas

Miriam Ladická

Onkologie. 2022:16(4):206-211 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.039  

Review article summarizing new treatment options for cutaneous T-cell lymphomas.

Treatment of a senior patient with cardiovascular comorbidities using checkpoint inhibitor therapy

Kristián Hrušák, Tomáš Büchler, Jana Votrubová

Onkologie. 2022:16(4):212-214 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.040  

This case study describes a long-term survival of a senior patient with metastatic kidney cancer and a number of cardiovascular comorbidities after a treatment by checkpoint inhibitors.

Trifluridine/tipiracil treatment in a patient with mucinous metastatic colorectal carcinoma

Jiří Švec, Vladimír Kořínek, Renata Soumarová

Onkologie. 2022:16(4):216-221 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.041  

Systemic oncologic treatment of metastatic colorectal carcinoma is currently based on chemotherapy in combination with targeted therapy based on the presence of activating mutations in the EGFR-RAS-RAF pathway, regardless of the histological subgroup of the tumor. In this case report, we describe a patient with a mucinous variant of colorectal carcinoma who responded very well to trifluridine/tipiracil in the third-line treatment. We briefly review the basic features of this histologic subtype, which accounts for 5-15% of all cases, is characterized by high extracellular mucin production, and is associated with a poorer prognosis related to a lower...

Rapid, deep and long lasting respnose to cetuximab

Marián Liberko, Renata Soumarová

Onkologie. 2022:16(4):222-225 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.042  

We describe a case-report of patient with massively disseminated mCRC to the liver with incipient signs of liver failure. Combined treatment with use of chemotherapy + anti-EGFR antibody lead to rapid, deep and long lasting response.

The role of the nurse in supporting post-traumatic growth in cancer patients and their close ones

Olga Klepáčková, Martina Černá

Onkologie. 2022:16(4):226-230 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.043  

Part of the current trend to strengthen integrated and comprehensive care for cancer patients is to strive for quality provision of their psychosocial needs. In this regard, more attention is paid to the impact of the disease on the functioning of the family as a whole and the needs of the patient and his loved ones. The issue of post-traumatic stress and growth concerning cancer is one of the areas in which a deeper understanding of simulations into practice can bring noticeable positive changes to the lives of patients and their loved ones and consequently bring benefits to all other stakeholders. Nurses represent an important link in the care and...