Kolorektální karcinom - úvodem

Kamil Vysloužil

Onkologie. 2008:2(1):8  

Diagnosis of colorectal cancer

Ondřej Urban

Onkologie. 2008:2(1):9-11  

The aim of the review article is to inform readers with current problems of diagnosis of colorectal cancer from a gastroenterologist perspective.

Surgical treatment of colorectal carcinoma

Igor Penka, Zdeněk Kala

Onkologie. 2008:2(1):12-16  

The authors emphasize, in theirs article, rising incidence of colorectal cancer in the Czech Republic, and the fundamental role of surgery in the treatment of this malignant disease. In current time of oncology progress can only multidisciplinary approach, to the treatment of colorectal carcinoma ensure the optimal timing of individual therapeutic modalities including radical surgery to provide the maximal patient benefit. The authors cite the standard types of therapy stressing radical surgical resections with the inclusion of theirs most frequent complications. Authors are pointing out increasing number of sphincter preserving operations and...

The overview of nonsurgical treatment of colorectal cancer

Karel Cwiertka

Onkologie. 2008:2(1):17-22  

Nonsurgical treatment of colorectal cancer has developped significantly over the last 10 years. New cytostatic medications occured for systemic therapy, i. e. Irinotekan, oxaliplatinum and others. Their combination with fluoropyrimidines lead to significant improvement in survival without evidence of the disease and also overall survival (median of the overall survival reached 20 months). Other important factor is the beginning of targeted biological therapy. The approval of bevacizumab in combinations for the first line therapy, cetuximab and panitumumab for further lines of treatment of metastatic cancer not only broadens options of therapy but brings...

Follow-up of patients after radical resection of colorectal cancer

Pavel Skalický, Kamil Vysloužil

Onkologie. 2008:2(1):24-27  

Despite performing curative resection of colorectal cancer, recurrence occurs in about half of such patients. Aside from recurrence of the primary disease, patients operated for colorectal cancer also have a higher risk of developing metachronic cancer in other locations of the colon or rectum. Long-term follow-up after radical resection of colorectal cancer increases patient survival. This is due to early detection of recurrence of tumour disease, which enables curative treatment. The authors address the aims of long-term patient monitoring after operations for colorectal cancer. Based on research from literature and personal experiences, they emphasize...

Time and space distribution of trends of colorectal cancers in the Czech Republi

Edvard Geryk, Petr Dítě, Petr Koška, Jakub Odehnal, Radim Štampach, Petr Kubíček, Jiří Holub

Onkologie. 2008:2(1):29-32  

Colorectal cancer dominates in inhabitants of more industrial developed countries compared to less developed by 65 % with incidence, 57 % with mortality and 71 % with 5-year prevalance. In the Czech Republic there were diagnosed 131 769 colorectal cancers during 1985–2004. From which 7 961 cases (58 % men, 42 % women) were newly reported in 2004 including 2 801 (35,2 %) cases at the age of 35–64. From number of 85 580 died colorectal cancers during 1985–2004 died 4556 in 2004 (57,3 % men, 42,7 % women) including 1222 (26,8 %) at the age of 35–64. The prevalence of colorectal cancer increased between 1989 and 2005 from...

Did the introduction of targeted therapy limit the importance of cytostatic treatment?

Pavel Klener

Onkologie. 2008:2(1):33-37  

Anticancer chemotherapy is one of the basic methods for cancer treatment. However, its mechanism of action is not specific, and therefore it may cause a damage on a normal cells and tissues. On the other hand, in recent years, many specific inhibitors of cancerogenesis has been discovered. This so called targeted therapy significantly improved therapeutic otcome. The most promissing seems to be inhibitors of proteinkinases and monoclonal antibodies. This review gives a detailed information of a broad spectrum of monoclonal antibodies, and compare its impact on the treatment of different malignancies. There is also mentioned the role of newly introduced...

PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN (PSA) - situation in the year 2007

Ivan Kolombo, Martina Poršová, Iva Zemanová, Miloš Horecký, Petra Antonová, Tomáš Vlásek, Jaroslav Porš, Jiří Poněšický, Milan Bartůněk

Onkologie. 2008:2(1):39-43  

Tumour markers are important in the diagnosis and in monitoring the activity of oncological diseases. Urologists worldwide have since the beginning of the 80 – quite reliable marker of prostate carcinoma available in the form of prostate specific antigen (PSA). Presently is a PSA serum level considered as quite reliable marker of an early stage of disease, which has the best chance for cure. Authors give in the article an overview of the current situation about PSA and of their importace and limitations for the detection and monitoring the activity of prostate carcinoma. New trends in diagnosis (prostate biopsy) and in tumour markers (PCA3 test...

GENETICS OF BREAST CARCINOMA

Lenka Foretová

Onkologie. 2008:2(1):44-48  

Five to ten percent of breast carcinoma is caused by monogenic hereditary predisposition. The main predisposition genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 were discovered in 1994 and 1995. Molecular genetic testing of these genes is possible in indicated cases like bilateral or early-onset breast cancer, familiar occurrence of the disease, breast and ovarian cancer in a patient and in some rare histological types of breast cancer. Prevention in carriers of mutation should be complex and cover risks of other cancers as ovarian, colorectal, pancreatic, stomach, gall bladder, melanoma, prostate and breast in men. Predictive testing is possible in relatives 18 years and...

AN UPDATE IN BREAST CANCER TREATMENT

Markéta Palácová

Onkologie. 2008:2(1):49-52  

Therapy of breast cancer is multiplex. Systemic therapy includes chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, and recently also biological therapy. We present the latest data from pooled analysis of NSABP B-31 and NCCTG-N9831 clinical trials, then data concerning lapatinib, results of phase III clinical trial comparing lapatinib with combination of lapatinib/kapecitabin in patients resistant to trastuzumab. We briefly mention treatment options of triple negative breast cancer-especially an effort of a targeted therapy of these chemosensitive but aggressive tumors. Aromatase inhibitors improve treatment results of early breast cancer in all females groups. Upfront...

Dosažení kompletní remise onemocnění u pacienta s generalizovaným kolorektálním karcinomem léčbou irinotekan/cetuximab

Ivo Kocák, Ilona Kocáková, Ingrid Garajová, Zdeněk Řehák, Miloš Pacal

Onkologie. 2008:2(1):55-57  

Pokročilý karcinom děložního hrdla - nová indikace topotekanu (Hycamtin®)

Jindřich Fínek

Onkologie. 2008:2(1):59-61