Nádory hlavy a krku - úvodem

prof. MUDr. Pavel Šlampa CSc

Onkologie. 2008:2(2):74  

Current surgery for head and neck cancer

MUDr. Miloš Šteffl Ph.D

Onkologie. 2008:2(2):75-78  

Surgery for head and neck cancer is based upon the concept that squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract originates as a local disease and spreads in an orderly fashion from the primary site to regional lymph nodes and subsequently, to distant metastatic sites. The surgical procedure with the highest theoretical chance for cure is designed to remove en bloc the primary and the regional lymph nodes including the intervening lymphatics. This principle was first applied to breast cancer by Halstead at the turn of the 19th and 20th century and has formed the foundation for cancer surgery for many years. The first description of surgical...

Conformal radiotherapy in head and neck cancer therapy

MUDr. Jiří Kubeš, Jakub Cvek

Onkologie. 2008:2(2):79-81  

3D conformal radiotherapy is the standart modality for the treatment head and neck cancer today. Next expansion of the IMRT is expectable, but in some cases the 3D confomal radiotherapy will have the importance in the future probablly. 3D confomalt radiotherapy is based on the comlex procedure including planinng CT, conturing of treatment planning volume and organs at risk for the optimal constituion of shaped field by multileaf colimator, after that follow the simulation of tratment technique and the verification in the treatment room. Radiotherpay is the treatment modality very sensitive to quality assurance. The effective use of accelerated and...

Intensity-modulated radiotherapy in the treatment of head and neck cancer

Milan Vošmik

Onkologie. 2008:2(2):82-84  

Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is a novel radiotherapeutic method in the treatment of head and neck tumors that allows better sparing of healthy tissues and organs in this region. A new possibility of parotid salivary glands sparing offers an improvement of quality of life due to reduction of late xerostomia. The advantage of IMRT is also a possibility of dose escalation in some subvolumes of planning target volume (simultaneous integrated boost; SIB), e. g. in gross tumor volume. Non-randomized clinical series have shown promising results in tumor local control. The IMRT optimal treatment regimen for head and neck cancer has not been...

Combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in head and neck cancer treatment

Petr Burkoň

Onkologie. 2008:2(2):85-87  

Tumours of the head and neck region belong to the most often reasons of death for malignancies. There are approximatelly half million new cases per year found out all over the world. Sixty percent of these patients have advanced disease and their prognosis is very bad. If successfully treated such patients suffer from various functional or cosmetic disorders. Many changes in treatment of head and neck cancer come in the last few years. Previously used methods of care – surgery or radiotherapy alone – are today combined together or with other modalities of cancer care. The therapy of head and neck cancer is multidisciplinar nowadays. Chemotherapy...

Side effects and supportive care in head and neck cancer radiotherapy

Ludmila Hynková, Hana Doleželová

Onkologie. 2008:2(2):88-90  

Radiotherapy is an important method of head and neck cancer treatment. Over the past two decades, it has been utilised together with systematic treatment – chemotherapy and, recently, biologically targeted drugs. Further the advancement of altered fractionated regimens and clinical use of new technologies and methods of radiotherapy (IMRT, IGRT) bring into focus not only the therapeutic results but also the acute and chronic toxicity and the possibilities of its prevention and prediction.

Review of phoniatric possibilities of voice adaptation after oncological therapy of head and neck tumors

Jakub Dršata, Jan Vokurka, Petr Čelakovský, Markéta Hudíková, Jaroslav Růžička, Petr Kordač

Onkologie. 2008:2(2):91-93  

A phoniatrist meets the problem of head and neck oncological disease especially after the treatment for laryngeal cancer. The possibilities of improving of voice after partial operations on larynx are manual manipulations, exercises reinforcing the adductors of the larynx, ventricular voice education and their combinations. The voice replacement mechanisms after total laryngectomy are represented first of all with esophageal speech, tracheoesophageal puncture speech and electrolarynx. The esophageal speech is the most natural voice replacement after total laryngectomy. The esophageal speech and tracheoesophageal puncture speech uses the vibrations...

Renal cell carcinoma - current trends

Leoš, Gronka, Martina Poršová, Jiří Poněšický, Jaroslav Porš, Radko, Kříž, Pavel, Beňo, Michal, Toběrný, Stanislav Černohorský, Richard, Pabišta, Josef, Kašík, Slavomír Blažej, Jan, Tobiáš, Milan Bartůněk, Ivan Kolombo

Onkologie. 2008:2(2):94-101  

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most malignant urological tumour and the incidence of RCC in the Czech Republic is currently highest in the world. Basic treatment modality for localized disease is surgical therapy. In recent years minimally invasive treatment has become an established surgical procedures. Laparoscopy and also daVinci® robot assisted laparoscopy are currently used and for high-risk and polymorbid patients we used for example radiofrequency ablation. Systemic therapy for metastatic RCC with new two antiangiogenics drugs: an oral oxindol tyrosine kinase inhibitor – sunitinib (Sutent®) and with an oral multikinase inhibitor –...

Pancreatic cancer treatment in the 21. century

Martin Šafanda, Martin Oliverius

Onkologie. 2008:2(2):103-106  

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is one of the deadliest malignancies. Almost 95 % of patients diagnosed with the disease will die from it, more than half within 6 months. In the Czech Republic 1777 cases were diagnosed in the year 2005. In the same year 1 808 patients died. Treatment outcomes are disappointing. Surgery remains the only modality with currative potential. Five years survival after radical resection is about 25 % of patients. Nowadays, Gemcitabine is a standard of care in locally advanced and metastatic disease. Adjuvant chemotherapy prolongs disease free and overall survival. The role of chemoradiation remains controversial. Novel targeted...

Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation - its effect on female sexual functioning

Ladislav, Slováček, Birgita, Slováčková, Ladislav, Jebavý, Vladimír, Pavlík, Zdeněk, Hrstka

Onkologie. 2008:2(2):107-109  

The haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a therapeutic method especially used in the therapy of hematological malignancies. It known that HSCT has an influence on the course of the disease and the patient´s quality of life. The patient´s sexuality after HSCT is very observed aspect of their quality of life. The sexuality is impressed with physic, psychological and social factors. Main physic factors are breakdown of gonads, secondary vaginal changes related with total body irradiation and chemotherapy and chronic Graft Versus Host Disease. Main psychological factors influencing the sexuality are problems of somatic identification, breakdown...

MR Imaging in Differential Diagnostics of Liver Lesions

Viera Lehotská, Zuzana Berecová

Onkologie. 2008:2(2):110-116  

Diagnosis of focal liver lesions is „the daily bread“ of each radiologist and means a diagnostic problem. Although ultrasound (US) and computer-assisted tomography (CT) are routinely used in imaging algorithm, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is still the golden standard, especially in those cases, when former imaging cannot give an unambiguous determination of the biological characteristic of the lesion. MRI should be performed before any invasive procedure (biopsy). Main advantages of MRI are better tissue resolution, multiplanar imaging feasibility (nowadays also possible with the newest CT equipment), absence of radiation, minimal...

THE ROLE OF BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF ALVEOLAR PNEUMOPATHY IN PEDIATRIC ONKOLOGY

Viera Bajčiová

Onkologie. 2008:2(2):117-121  

Pulmonary complications and infiltrates of various aetiology are the most frequent and urgent clinical problem in pediatric cancer patients. Bronchoalveolar lavage is a routine method in adult population, on the other hand the explicit recommendations for indication and methodology of bronchoalveolar lavage in childhood does not exist. Only limited literature informations exist about BAL in children, usualy designed as retrospective studies. Therefore selection criteria and methodology of bronchoalveolar lavage depending on age are need to be established, as well as standardised methods of bronchoalveolar fluid analysis. Exact and correct interpretation...

Výskyt nádorových onemocnění u pacientů po transplantaci srdce

Lenka, Hošková, Ivan. Málek, Mariana Podzimková, Mariana. Podzimková, Jan Pirk, Pavel. Trunečka, Martin, Kment

Onkologie. 2008:2(2):123-127  

Erbitux a léčba karcinomu rekta

MUDr. Dagmar, Brančíková

Onkologie. 2008:2(2):128-129