Slovo úvodem

MUDr. Zuzana Lovasová

Onkologie. 2009:3(6):327  

Vzácné nádory

Eva Sedláčková

Onkologie. 2009:3(6):331  

Malignant thymoma - our experience with therapy of 92 patients

Martin Matějů, doc. MUDr. Jan Novotný CSc, Eva Sedláčková, Jana Halámková, Stanislav Kormunda, Luboš Petruželka

Onkologie. 2009:3(6):332-335  

Background: Thymomas belong to rare neoplasms of the anterior mediastinum. There has been no randomized trial determining the role of various treatment modalities carried out to date. Materials and methods: Our retrospective study evaluates treatment outcomes of 92 consecutive patients with malignant thymic tumors treated at two large tertiary care hospitals in the Czech Republic since 1973. The most important data investigated were overal survival (OS), disease free interval (DFI), time to progression (TTP) and response rate (RR). Results: Masaoka stageing system did not show any prognostic value for overall survival. No prognostic value of histopathology...

Carcinoid Tumors

MUDr. Jaroslava Barkmanová

Onkologie. 2009:3(6):336-342  

Carcinoid tumors belong among the most common occurred tumors of neuroendocrine tumors (NET). Incidence of these tumors has increased in recent years. In light of their hormonal activity carcinoid tumors form very various and heterogeneous group. Neuroendocrine enterochromaffin cells (EC cells) are their base, which occurred dispersionly in different anatomic body parts, primary in guts and main bronchus submucous. For the most part it deals about growing tumors with relatively indolent course. Carcinoid tumors are used to be diagnosed late, in many cases as already disseminated disease. Carcinoid tumors can proceed inaparently for longer. They...

Pheochromocytoma

doc. MUDr. Tomáš Zelinka, CSc, Hana Turková, doc. MUDr. Jiří Widimský CSc

Onkologie. 2009:3(6):343-347  

Pheochromocytomas and functional paragangliomas are catecholamine-producing tumors which present mostly with headache, sweating, palpitations, and hypertension. Biochemical testing for pheochromocytoma is mandatory not only in subjects with clinical suspicion for pheochromocytoma but also in subjects with incidentally discovered adrenal mass or in subjects with genetic predisposition. Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and functional imaging with [123I]-metaiodobenzylguanidine may be used for tumor localization. Medical pre-treatment is essential for successful operation which is

Hereditary breast cancer - an example of uncommon breast cancer in population

Martina Zimovjanová

Onkologie. 2009:3(6):348-350  

Germline mutations in either the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene account for approximately from five to ten percent of breast cancers in population. Breast cancers caused by mutations of BRCA1 a BRCA2 genes have usually different histopatologic characteristics and also different biological behaviour. Individualization of therapy based on the knowledge of the molecular prognostic and predictive markers is goal of modern oncologic treatment, and BRCA1 and BRCA2 expression might be one of them. BRCA1 or BRCA2 deficiency is not only a possible prognostic factor and predictor of response to systemic standard chemotherapy, but might also be a predictor for type...

Prostate cancer screening

Kamil Belej

Onkologie. 2009:3(6):351-356  

The first attempts for regular prostate cancer screening by digital rectal examination and ultrasonography are dated to 1980s. Later introduction of the prostate – specific antigen (PSA) blood test casued a revolution in prostate cancer management and almost doubled the risk of a diagnosis. A decrease or stabilization in prostate cancer death rates has been observed since that time, but has been uncertain whether there can be a contribution of improved treatment. The recent release of two large randomized trials suggests that if there is a benefit of screening, it is, at best, small. Article reviews short history of screening for prostate...

Interventional procedures in diagnosing mammary gland disease

Miroslava Skovajsová

Onkologie. 2009:3(6):357-361  

Minimally interventional diagnostic procedures in the mammary gland have become the gold standard in mammary gland diagnosis. The aim of preoperative biopsies is to reduce the number of surgical diagnostic excisions as well as to establish a complete diagnosis resulting in "therapeutic tailoring". In addition to standard core biopsies, mammotomy or vacuum assisted biopsy of the mammary gland is performed in several selected screening centres in the Czech Republic. The benefit of both methods is enhancement of preoperative diagnostic accuracy in determining the histological nature of, in particular, palpably negative lesions that are detected during...

A rare case of mesenterial fibromatosis - a case report

Peter Kružliak, Dušan Mištuna, Katarína Macháleková

Onkologie. 2009:3(6):362-364  

Intra-abdominal fibromatosis is a locally aggressive, but non-metastasizing proliferation. It is a benign tumour which, in most cases, occurs in the abdominal wall, mesentery and retroperitoneum. Intra-abdominal fibromatosis (IAF) occurs either in association with Gardner's syndrome or sporadically, commonly causing differential diagnostic difficulties with myofibroblastic-fibroblastic tumours and gastrointestinal stromal tumours which, however, are characterized by much more aggressive biological behaviour and, frequently, by metastasizing. Differential diagnosis may be significantly complicated in the absence of loco-regional spread and/or distant...

Issues of primary prevention and screening for tumourous disease at the primary care physician level

MUDr. Bohumil Skála Ph.D

Onkologie. 2009:3(6):365-368  

General principles of prevention and screening unequivocally show that primary care is the cornerstone of screening programmes. Specific data from faecal occult blood test screening at a gastroenterologist's practice showed that screening was not performed at a sufficient scale as is also suggested by the national data from the years 2001–2005; neither the data after 2006, assessed qualitatively differently, have shown any improvement. By contrast, though, an improvement in mortality can be expected in the following 3–5 years at the earliest.

V. dny diagnostické, prediktivní a experimentální onkologie a II. sympozium o biologické léčbě propojily onkologický výzkum s klinickou praxí

Mgr. Jitka Strouhalová

Onkologie. 2009:3(6):369-370  

Autodidaktický test 6/09

Onkologie. 2009:3(6):371