Společnost gastrointestinální onkologie

prof. MUDr. Petr Dítě, DrSc.

Onkologie. 2011:5(1):3  

Karcinom prsu - slovo úvodem

Petra Tesařová

Onkologie. 2011:5(1):8  

Breast cancer screening in the Czech Republic: results from mammographic screening centers 2003-2209

Miroslava Skovajsová

Onkologie. 2011:5(1):9-15  

In the Czech Republic breast cancer screening program has been functional since 2003. Till the end of 2009 2 518 710 asymptomatic women have been mammographically examined. In this screening program 12,063 breast cancers have been detected with 70 % of them in early T1 and Tis stages. This study explains quality control criteria applied and regularly checked in 66 screening centers and suggests new options for increase of participation of women in the screening above current 50 % as well as other supportive ways to stabilize the program, which is aimed on reduction of breast cancer mortality.

Sentinel lymph node biopsy in women with early breast cancer

Václav Pecha, Dušan Kolařík, Erika Menzlová, Monika Dvorská, Markéta Trnková

Onkologie. 2011:5(1):16-22  

Breast cancer is the most common malignant disease in women accounting for 23 % of all female malignancies. In 2007, its incidence in the Czech Republic exceeded 120 cases per 100,000 women, placing the country among those with the highest detection rates for this condition. Despite an ever-increasing incidence, the mortality rates for breast cancer show a stable or even slightly decreasing trend because of the availability of modern diagnostic and therapeutic modalities (1). Total mastectomy and complete axillary lymph node dissection was a traditional therapeutic approach throughout the twentieth century. This therapeutic strategy was derived...

Anthracyclines in treating metastatic breast cancer

Katarína Petráková

Onkologie. 2011:5(1):23-27  

Metastatic breast cancer is an incurable disease. It is a chemosensitive disease in which chemotherapy significantly prolongs the survival of patients. Anthracyclines are among the most effective cytostatic drugs in the treatment for breast cancer. The major limitation of treatment is the cardiotoxicity of anthracyclines which increases after the cumulative dose is reached. The treatment of patients pretreated with adjuvant anthracyclines is thus problematic. Liposomal doxorubicin (Myocet) which has been shown to have equal efficacy to conventional anthracyclines, but lower cardiotoxicity in first-line treatment for metastatic disease in clinical...

Advances in targeted therapy for breast cancer

Petra Tesařová

Onkologie. 2011:5(1):28-29  

The new millennium has been marked by the advent of biological targeted therapy in the treatment for breast cancer, which has gradually worked its way from a treatment for metastatic disease to adjuvant and, most recently, neoadjuvant indications. It meets the demands for individualization of treatment as it is intended for a small, well-defined group of patients, which guarantees its excellent efficacy. The novel agents as well as new indications in monotherapy or in combination may take the treatment for breast cancer in a new direction

Options of prevention in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers

Jan Novotný, Martina Zimovjanová

Onkologie. 2011:5(1):30-33  

BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers have substantial risk of breast and ovarian cancer development. To decrease this risk, various surgical and nonsurgical primary prevention procedures are currently offered at specialized institutions. Among them, prophylactic bilateral salpingooophorectomy and prophylactic mastectomy are used most frequently. The other include chemoprevention and the modification of life style habits.

Prognostic and predictive factors in metastatic renal cell cancer treated with targeted therapies

Tomáš Büchler

Onkologie. 2011:5(1):41-46  

Treatment selection is difficult in metastatic renal cell cancer. It is based mainly on tumour histology and biologic behaviour, patients characteristics such as comorbidities and performance status, and expected treatment toxicity. Several recently published studies have identified prognostic factors for patients treated with targeted agents including sunitinib, sorafenib, pazopanib, bevacizumab, temsirolimus, and everolimus. These prognostic factors should be considered when selecting the treatment strategy.

The role of stereotactic biopsy in the diagnostic workup of brain tumor

Jan Chrastina, Zdeněk Novák, Radim Jančálek, Ivo Říha, Bronislava Slaná, Markéta Hermanová, Věra Feitová

Onkologie. 2011:5(1):49-52  

Study aim: Histological verification is a prerequisite for adequate therapy of brain tumors. Study presents the experience with stereotactic biopsy of brain tumors paying attention to diagnostic utility, correlation of findings with tumor resection and surgical safety. Methods: Brain tumor biopsy using stereotactic frame based system (deep and small lesions) was performed in 106 patients and frameless neuronavigation system BrainLab (superficially located lesions) was used in 20 patients. Results: Diagnostic efficiency was 96,3 % in frame based system and 100 % in frameless system. The incidence of complications was 1,8 % in frame based biopsies....

Palliative radionuclide therapy for painful bone metastases by means of 186Rhenium-HEDP

Jiří Doležal

Onkologie. 2011:5(1):34-39  

Aim: to present results of the 186Rhenium-HEDP systemic radionuclide treatment in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer or breast cancer and painful bone metastases. Material and method: Thirty-four patients (aged 38–82, mean 69 years; 18 hormone-refractory prostate cancer, 16 breast cancer) with multiple bone metastases and bone pain received 186Rhenium-HEDP. Applied dosage was 1 426 MBq. Karnofsky performance status, pain score (Numerical Rating Scale), analgesic score (WHO) and blood count were evaluated before and 1 and 3 months after the treatment. Results: Significant pain relief was observed in 44 % and 30 % of patients,...

Cetuximab in combination with radiotherapy as method of choice in first-line treatment for locoregionally advanced

Jana Neuwirthová, Pavel Smilek, Rom Kostřica

Onkologie. 2011:5(1):54-56  

head and neck cancers – cases from practice Cetuximab whose lower toxicity is a clear benefit compared to chemotherapy is the only agent registered for the targeted therapy of squamous cell head and neck cancers. Given the high complete remission rate in locoregionally advanced disease in our cohort, our experience with this treatment is very good. In addition to clinical observation, research into predictive markers is under development. markers, K-ras.

Long-term therapeutic efficacy of cetuximab in treating metastatic colorectal cancer following failure of previous

Petr Beneš, Jana Strážnická

Onkologie. 2011:5(1):58-59  

chemotherapy with FOLFOX4 and FOLFIRI In the Czech Republic, colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies both among men and women. More than 50 % of newly diagnosed colorectal cancers are found in an advanced stage and about 20 % have distant metastases at diagnosis. The liver is the most common site of metastasis from colorectal cancer. Curative resection of metastases is primarily feasible only in a small proportion of patients. Thus, systemic therapy, chemotherapy and, more recently, biological therapy play a significant role in treating metastatic colorectal cancer. Cetuximab (Erbitux) is a monoclonal antibody targeted specifically...

Autodidaktický test 1/2011

Onkologie. 2011:5(1):61-62