Práva a povinnosti lékařů

doc. MUDr. Jiří Šimek, CSc.

Onkologie. 2012:6(5):233  

Nádory hlavy a krku - slovo úvodem

Jiří Petera

Onkologie. 2012:6(5):240  

Tumor markers in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas

David Kalfeřt, Marie Ludvíková

Onkologie. 2012:6(5):241-247  

Head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) is the six most common cancer in the world. In attempts to improve therapy of this cancer, contemporary research is focused predominantly on new tumor markers and evaluation of their diagnostic, prognostic and predictive significance for routine clinical practice. Molecular tumor markers at the same time very well reflect pathobiological processes in tumors. New etiological and pathobiological aspects of cancerogenesis of HNSCC were lately introduced. Namely epigenetic mechanisms, RNA interference and microRNA, cancer stem cells and epithelial-mesenchymal transition play important role in cancerogenesis...

Modern technologies in head and neck cancer radiotherapy

Milan Vošmik, Miroslav Hodek, Igor Sirák, Jan Jansa, Linda Kašaová, Petr Paluska

Onkologie. 2012:6(5):247-251  

Radiotherapy represents an important treatment modality in head and neck cancer. Recent technological advances in radiotherapy treatment planning and dose delivery make possible more precise delivery of radiation to target volumes while sparing adjacent healthy tissues and organs at risk. Magnetic resonance imaging or positron emission tomography-based planning allow better delineation of gross tumor volume, intensity-modulated radiotherapy, proton therapy or stereotactic radiotherapy offer higher conformality in dose delivery, image-guided radiotherapy enables a reduction of set-up margin. The goal of all new technologies in radiotherapy of...

Brachytherapy of head and neck tumors

Jiří Petera

Onkologie. 2012:6(5):252-256  

Brachytherapy is a method of radiation treatment, when the radioactive sources are directly applicated into the tumor region. Brachytherapy allows to deliver high doses to the tumor in a short time with excellent local tumor control. The largest experience was achieved with continual low dose rate brachytherapy (0.4–2Gy/hr) and manual insertion of sources. Recently this method was mostly replaced by automatic afterloading devices and high dose rate (> 12Gy/hr) fractionated treatment. Brachytherapy can be used in early stages of head and neck cancer as a sole treatment method. The advantage in comparison with surgery is a better functional...

Chemotherapy and biological targeted therapy in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck

Miloslav Pála

Onkologie. 2012:6(5):257-259  

Radiation therapy and surgery are the basic modalities of treatment in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Definitive and postoperative radiochemotherapy is now a standard component of a therapeutic algorithm in patients with locoregionally advanced disease. Several meta-analyses have shown that radiochemotherapy prolongs survival compared with radiotherapy alone. This benefit was mainly due to an improvement in the locoregional control and only had a marginal effect on distant metastases. Cisplatin is a potent radiosensitizer, most commonly used for radiochemotherapy. Despite the benefits of radiochemotherapy, this...

Patients with multiple cancers of head and neck

Edvard Geryk, Jiří Kozel, Theodor Horváth, Petr Kubíček

Onkologie. 2012:6(5):260-265  

A total of 20,855 head and neck cancers (HNC), based in the Czech Cancer Registry in 1976–2005, there were notificated 4,912 multiple cancers, of which were 3,679 (74.9 %) in males and 1,233 (25.1 %) in females, i.e. 17.6 % cases in males and 19.5 % in females of total HNC, affected by other neoplasms. There were 56.3 % primary and 43.7 % subsequent HNC in males, 43.8 % and 56.2 % in females. The number of primary HNC incerased during the first decade and then decreased, the number of subsequent HNC increased steadily. A total of 14 Czech regions were distributed 51.6 % multiple HNC in five regions (Northern and Southern Moravia, Prague,...

Direct costs of adjuvant cytostatic treatment of stage III colorectal cancer - differences in oral and parenteral route

Jindřich Fínek

Onkologie. 2012:6(5):266-268  

Oral adjuvant chemotherapy is an equieffective form of treatment of colorectal cancer to parenteral treatment. In comparison with intravenous drug administration, it is associated with higher direct drug costs; however, it significantly reduces the costs of securing venous access, hospitalization, the work of medical staff, and transport while also reducing the risk of infection. With all these costs summarized, oral chemotherapy is an economical form of treatment.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in livermetastatic colorectal carcinoma

Miroslav Ryska

Onkologie. 2012:6(5):269-271  

The occurrence of livermetastatic colorectal carcinoma is related to the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) which, in the Czech Republic, is one of the highest worldwide with approximately 90 new cases per 100.000 inhabitants/year. Overall, 9.000 new cases of the disease occur annually. Sixty percent of them develop generalized disease in the form of liver metastases. Radical treatment involves liver resection and administration of adjuvant chemotherapy. The authors report the types of liver resections, the degree of radicality, the factors resulting in contraindication of liver resection as well as the options of increasing the percentage...

Neoadjuvant therapy of breast cancer

Mária Wagnerová

Onkologie. 2012:6(5):272-277  

Breast cancer is a model of quickly development scientific knowledges begining from molecular diagnostic and termination with targeted therapies on the molecular level. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is indicated for very heterogeneous group of tumours. Treatment type is decided not only by biologic variability (receptor status, HER-2 status) but with individual variability (PS, comorbidity, extent of illness). Primary systemic treatment (neoadjuvant, induction, inicials) is standard treatment for locally advanced tumor and for some eligible type of surgery breast cancer, too. If treatment response is not satisfied it is necessary to look for new...

Skin toxicity treatment with a metastatic colorectal carcinoma patient cured with cetuximab - a clinical case report

Luboš Holubec, Jan Říčař, Karel Pizinger, Hana Korunková, Jindřich Fínek

Onkologie. 2012:6(5):279-281  

Background: Cetuximab, a monoclonal anti-EGFR antibody, represents aimed biological treatment that becomes a standard of personalized medicine with metastatic colorectal carcinoma patients. Level of skin toxicity is the most significant predictive factor of cetuximab effectiveness. Possible dermal toxicity treatment with cetuximab application is presented in the form of a clinical case report. Case: Authors describe a case of a 57-year-old woman-patient suffering from metastatic colorectal carcinoma who was treated through palliative bio-chemotherapy in the schedule: cetuximab+FOLFIRI. Progression of the dermal disease and papulopustulous progress...

Sunitinib in neuroendocrine tumors

Hana Šiffnerová

Onkologie. 2012:6(5):282-283  

Case history of 55 years old man with neuroendocrine tumor of liver, pankreas, mesentery, small intestine and mediastinum is decribed. The treatment started with somatostatin analogs. The treatment with sunitinib was added due to progression of disease.

Gefitinib in treatment of non-small-cell-lung cancer

Ondřej Venclíček, Marcela Tomíšková, Jana Skřičková, Jitka Hausnerová, Mojmír Moulis2 Blanka Robešová, Monika Bajerová, Dana Dvořáková

Onkologie. 2012:6(5):284-286  

Lung carcinoma is the most common cause of death among cancer patients. Non-small-cell-lung cancer is the most frequent histological type of lung carcinoma. Gefitinib is intended for biological treatment of locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell-lung cancer in patients with activation mutation of epidermal factor growth receptor, in first line of treatment, without previous chemothrapy. Case study discusses two patients treated with gefitinib, with similar initial parameters, but diferent outcomes of the treatment.

Většina onkologických pacientů je nakloněna zpoždění léčby výměnou za benefit, který jim personalizovaná léčba přinese

Tisková zpráva

Onkologie. 2012:6(5):287  

Výsledky přípravku Erbitux® u pacientů s rakovinou hlavy a krku se zdají být nezávislé na stavu HPV u těchto nádorů

Tisková zpráva

Onkologie. 2012:6(5):288