Slovo úvodem

MUDr. Otakar Čapoun, FEBU

Onkologie. 2014:8(1):4-5  

Immunotherapy for prostate cancer

Jiřina Bartůňková, Radek Špíšek, Michal Podrazil, Rostislav Kuklík

Onkologie. 2014:8(1):6-10  

Prostate cancer is among the most common cancers in men. It is treatable in the early and localized stage; however, a proportion of patients relapse or the diagnosis is made only in more advanced stages when the therapeutic options are limited. In addition to classic hormonal therapy, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, immunotherapy is another promising treatment modality in these stages. The development of cancer disease is a multistage process of a comprehensive nature wherein the tumour cells themselves represent a very heterogeneous population put into the context of a microenvironment of non-tumour cells and tissues, thus forming a complex...

The role of radical prostatectomy in the treatment of prostate cancer

Petr Macek

Onkologie. 2014:8(1):11-14  

Incidence of prostate cancer increases worldwide. Despite progress in techniques such as active surveillance and improvement in non-surgical methods, the radical prostatectomy remains an important form of prostate cancer management alone or as apart of multimodal therapy in patients with high risk prostate cancer. During years of its use, there was a significant change in the understanding of prostate neuroanatomy, which improved its safety, decreased perioperative morbidity and improved functional results. The article refers mainly to oncological results. Despite we cannot completely devide them from the functional ones, because quality of...

Diagnosis and staging of prostate cancer

David Hradil, Vladimír Študent jr., Milan Král, Vladimír Študent

Onkologie. 2014:8(1):15-18  

Prostate cancer (PC) is the most common solid neoplasm in Europe and USA with the third highest mortality. Introduction of PSA – based sreeening multiplied incidence with stagnant level of mortality. These results can be explained by shift to lower stage at the time of diagnosis and also by improved therapeutic options.

Radiotherapy of prostate cancer

Jan Dvořák

Onkologie. 2014:8(1):19-22  

Radiotherapy of prostate cancer is one of the basic modalities of treatment. During the last years has undergone significant development to enhance the effect of treatment with acceptable toxicity. The article describes the principles of radiotherapy, the primary division and indications for various stages of the disease.

New options in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes

Eva Kadlčková, Peter Rohoň

Onkologie. 2014:8(1):28-33  

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are heterogeneous group of clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by dysplastic changes of bone marrow precursors, peripheral (pan) cytopenias and an increased risk of progression to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Two basic therapeutic approaches were used in the treatment of MDS: supportive care or allogeneic stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Nowadays the treatment options for MDS patients has significantly expanded. In addition to conventional treatment there are new drugs and their combinations which may affect the natural history of the disease and prolong survival. In the clinical practice...

Thoracoscopic chemically induced pleurodesis in the treatment of malignant pleural effusion

Petr Habal, Nedal Omran, Karolina Jankovičová, Kateřina Kondělková, Jan Krejsek, Jiří Manďák

Onkologie. 2014:8(1):35-38  

Continuous pleural effusion production of any aetiology can significantly affect the quality of patients life. Chronic effusion accumulation in the pleural cavity can lead to lung parenchyma compression. The first symptom of this entity is a progressive exertional dyspnea, which can later turn in dyspnea at rest. With the increase of the pleural effusion volume, pulmonary atelectasis can develop due to chronic parenchycha compression. The patient is at risk of inflamatory complications from the territory of non-ventilated parenchyma. Patients with a diagnosis of malignant disease have this risk considerably higher due to their previous chemotherapy...

Treatment of chemotherapy-induced polyneuropathy in a female patient with metastatic colorectal carcinoma

Luboš Holubec, Michal Deus, Jindřich Fínek

Onkologie. 2014:8(1):40-41  

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral polyneuropathy (CIPN) occurs in up to 40% patients undergoing taxane-based or platinum-derived chemotherapy. The present case report highlights the possibility of administering a low dose of tapentadol along with other coanalgesics for successful management of CIPN without a need to change a long-term adjustment of chronic pain management.

Bevacizumab in Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer

Marta Holíková

Onkologie. 2014:8(1):42-43  

Metastatic breast cancer is incurable disease, but application of new therapeutic options reduce complaint of patient, extend time to progression and extend overall survival. Treatment of chemotherapy is often concomitant with undesirabels effects and during of the treatment come to pass chemoresistance. New chance of treatment is combination of chemotherapy with targeted treatment. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the main regulator of angiogenesis. The humanized monoclonal antibody antiVEGF – bevacizumab – evidenced efficiency in series cancer diseases. The case report presents a our experience of the combined...

Pain management in cancer patients in nursing care

Eva Zacharová

Onkologie. 2014:8(1):44-46  

Tumour diseases represent a serious medical and social problem. According to European statistics currently about 45% of all patients, who have been diagnosed with cancer, can be cured. The nurse who helps the patients cope with their uneasy life situation plays an unsubstitutable role in the process of nursing care. The paper is focused on some psychosocial aspects in nursing of patients with oncology diseases and pain management in these patiens.

Radium-223 dichloride (Xofigo) - management of the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer

Eva Kindlová

Onkologie. 2014:8(1):24-26  

Bone metastases cause significant morbidity and mortality in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Until recently, treatment options have been limited to docetaxel, standard first-line chemotherapy. New studies with cabazitaxel, abirateron, enzalutamid, sipuleucel-T and Ra-223 have shown improvement in survival in CRPC patients. Radium-223 dichloride is alpha-emitting radioisotope that targets areas of osteoblastic metastasis.