Slovo úvodem

MUDr. Radkin Honzák, CSc.

Onkologie. 2016:10(1)  

Nemalobuněčné karcinomy plic - koncertantní novinky v diagnostice i terapii

Miloš Pešek

Onkologie. 2016:10(1):5-6  

Molecular profiling of lung cancer

Marek Minárik

Onkologie. 2016:10(1):7-10 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2016.003  

As in other solid tumours, the development and progression of lung cancer is accompanied by a whole number of genome disorders (mutations). These often characteristic disorders represent molecular markers and their investigation has now become an inseparable part of the diagnostic-therapeutic process. Supplementing the conventional morphology-based histopathological classification with information on the molecular profile is becoming a completely crucial tool for predicting the success rate of anticancer treatment as well as estimating the prognosis of cancer patients. A new trend in modern pathological diagnosis is the method of so-called...

Diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for stage III non-small-cell lung cancer

Gabriela Krákorová

Onkologie. 2016:10(1):11-14 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2016.004  

Stage III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has a low 5-year survival rate (less than 30%). In order to have a real chance of improving patient survival, both staging and treatment must be of appropriate quality. During staging, it is important to precisely determine regional lymph node involvement and rule out generalization. PET/CT (positron emission tomography/computed tomography) of the torso is recommended to be used for regional lymph node staging. Positive findings that alter the stage are to be confirmed bioptically. Treatment is always indicated strictly individually, ideally within multidisciplinary teams; it is multimodal, using...

Current status and prospects of targeted therapies non-small cell lung cancer

Martin Svatoň

Onkologie. 2016:10(1):15-18 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2016.005  

Targeted chemotherapeutics and targeted biological therapy brought a significant shift in the treatment of NSCLC. These medicamnets achieve higher efficiency in comparison with conventional chemotherapy with minor adverse effects. Moreover new molecules demonstrate possibility to overcome resistance caused by first generation drugs. The paper described molecules already in clinical use (that target sensitive EGFR mutation, ALK and ROS1 translocations and angiogensis inhibitors) as well as trends in the near future in this field. New immunotherapeutic drugs are discussed in another article of this issue.

New WHO classification of lung tumours

Miloš Pešek

Onkologie. 2016:10(1):20-24 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2016.002  

The review article presents detailed information on the new classification of lung tumours issued by the World Health Organization. In comparison with the previous 2004 classification, there have been numerous changes that are dealt with in detail and that include, among other things, integration of molecular genetic testing and morphological examination with respect to a more precise diagnosis when molecular targeted therapy is indicated. The new classification also includes terminology changes as well as the current criteria for morphological evaluation of findings of small biopsy and cytology and in resected tumour samples. Also, the diagnostic...

Present status and perspectives of immunotherapy in NSCLC

Libor Havel

Onkologie. 2016:10(1):26-30 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2016.007  

Lung cancer is one of the most common cancer worldwide. There are approximately 1.8 million of new lung cancer cases, and 1.6 million deaths by lung cancer. Cure can be achieved only in initial stages of disease, but these initial stages are found in one fifth of patiens. Majority of patiens are diagnosed with advanced disease and treated with palliative intent. The main therapeutic modality for these patients is a systemic therapy or in combination with radiotherapy. Immunotherapy is a novel approach using immune system itself and his ability to fight against cancer. This therapeutic approach showed a remarkable progress recently and become...

Continuation maintenance therapy with pemetrexed in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer in the Czech Republic

Jana Skřičková, Kateřina Fröhlich, Matyáš Kuhn, Zbyněk Bortlíček, Karel Hejduk, Miloš Pešek, Vítězslav Kolek, Ivona Grygárková, Leona Koubková, Markéta Černovská, Marcela Tomíšková, Jaromír Roubec, Libor Havel, František Salajka, Milada Zemanová, Helena Čoupková, Dimka Sixtová, Monika Šatánková, Miloslav Marel

Onkologie. 2016:10(1):31-36 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2016.008  

Lung carcinoma is among the leading cancers by incidence and mortality both worldwide and in the Czech Republic. In the recent years, there has been considerable progress in NSCLC treatment. Already at the time of diagnosis, efforts are made to establish the morphological diagnosis as precisely as possible and, when indicated, to perform genetic testing. This particularly applies to non-squamous NSCLC. In 2013, the efficacy and safety data of continuation maintenance monotherapy with pemetrexed were reported and, owing to the positive outcome, this treatment has been available in the Czech Republic since May 2013. Our paper presents a group...

Complications of colorectal cancer treatment

Miroslav Zavoral, Tomáš Grega, Štěpán Suchánek

Onkologie. 2016:10(1):41-47 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2016.010  

Treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) requires a multidisciplinary approach involving a gastroenterologist, surgeon, pathologist, oncologist and a radiologist. Treatment options depend on the stage of the disease, the overall condition of the patient and the molecular characteristics of the tumor. In the context of preoperative care, treatment procedures for cancer of the rectum is slightly different from the treatment of the colon cancer. In the case of metastatic CRC, there are unified treatment options, using a combination of surgical and targeted systemic therapy. Each treatment modality is at risk of complications. Therefore it is necessary...

Brachytherapy of inoperable esophageal carcinoma

David Buka, Josef Dvořák, Jiří Petera, Linda Kašaová, Jana Bedrošová, Milan Zouhar, Petr Paluska, Igor Sirák, Igor Richter, Milan Vošmik, Zdeněk Zoul

Onkologie. 2016:10(1):38-40 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2016.009  

Background and purpose: The prognosis of inoperable carcinomas of esophagus is poor, and therapeutic efforts are generally limited to palliation. The aim of this study is to retrospectively evaluate the effectiveness of intraluminal high dose rate brachytherapy in the palliative treatment of tumorous esophageal stenoses. Patients and methods: Between February 1996 and June 2011 intraluminal brachytherapy was performed in 41 patients with esophageal carcinoma (squamous cell carcinoma in 19 cases and adenocarcinoma in 22 cases). All patients had dysphagia at presentation. Brachytherapy was performed using high dose rate afterloading system....

Triple negative breast cancer treated with bevacizumab

Jana Pukyová, David Šulc, Martina Chodacká

Onkologie. 2016:10(1):49-51 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2016.011  

Metastatic breast cancer is an incurable disease with a defined time of survival. This time is limited to only a few months when visceral metastases are present. Chemotherapy is the crucial treatment for patients with visceral involvement, symptomatic and hormone-independent disease. There is a role as well for an antiangiogenic therapy with bevacizumab in HER2-negative disease. Bevacizumab is approved for the treatment of metastatic HER2-negative breast cancer in combination with paclitaxel. This approval is based on significant improvement in PFS reported in phase III trial E2100. Case report: 53-years old patient, female, was diagnosed...

Moderní metody imunoterapie se vyvíjí i v Česku

Onkologie. 2016:10(1):30  

Krevní sraženiny se nevyplácí podceňovat

Onkologie. 2016:10(1):52