Slovo úvodem

MUDr. Lenka Ostřížková

Onkologie. 2017:11(2)  

Modern trends in surgical treatment of colorectal carcinoma or what should an oncologist know about surgeon's work

Zdeněk Kala, Vladimír Procházka, Tomáš Grolich, Vladimír Čan, Lenka Ostřížková, Vlastimil Válek, Pavel Šlampa

Onkologie. 2017:11(2):54-60 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2017.012  

Modern trends in colorectal carcinoma treatment originate in well known and established principles. New surgical techniques (transanal resections, indocyanine green based tissues perfusion determination, organ sparing procedures) are brought into daily praxis. Standard procedures regularly used are being modified (Liver First resections) and new molecules in systemic oncologic treatment are being explored. All of the newly established procedures are thoroughly scientifically evaluated. Multimodal and multidisciplinary approach in colorectal cancer treatment are sure to benefit for the patient but needs more effort in rigorous planning in each...

The significance of magnetic resonance imaging rectal cancer

Šárka Bohatá

Onkologie. 2017:11(2):61-65 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2017.013  

High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a pivotal role and has become almost mandatory in the pretreatment assessment of primary rectal cancer. The high soft-tissue contrast of MRI accurately assesses the extramural tumor spread and relation to mesorectal fascia and the sphincter complex and also the surrounding pelvic anatomy, and is increasingly being used to evaluate tumor resectability in patients with rectal cancer and to determine which patients can be treated with surgery alone and which will require radiation therapy to promote tumor regression. MRI is currently the only imaging modality that is highly accurate in predicting...

Anti-EGFR therapy in colorectal carcinoma

Stanislav Batko

Onkologie. 2017:11(2):66-71 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2017.014  

Metastatic colorectal carcinoma is among the most common tumour diseases and is a major contributor to the overall death rate from tumour diseases. The introduction of anti-VEGF and anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies in 2004 was a milestone in treating metastatic colorectal carcinoma that has led to a significantly improved prognosis in metastatic disease. The discovery of novel predictive markers has resulted in better selection of patients who can benefit from this treatment, and thus in a broader fulfilment of the purpose of targeted and tailored therapy. The present article deals with a brief history of development of anti-EGFR therapy in colorectal...

Osimertinib – a new treatment option for patients with EGFR mutation T790M

Martin Svatoň, Kristýna Hrdá, Miloš Pešek

Onkologie. 2017:11(2):72-77 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2017.015  

Osimertinib belongs to the third generation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that target the epidermoid growth factor receptor (EGFR). Good tolerance of osimertinib was demonstrated by the studies of phase I and II. Recently published phase III study (AURA3) compared effectiveness of osimertinib against platinum doublet in patients with documented T790M mutation after previous treatment with 1st or 2nd generation EGFR-TKIs. The result was as significantly as clinically improvement in time to progression (PFS), objective response rate (ORR) and better safety profile and quality of life of patients. Osimertinib therefore become the new standard...

Systemic therapy in the treatment of uterine cervix carcinoma

Igor Sirák, Miroslav Hodek, Zdeněk Zoul

Onkologie. 2017:11(2):78-82 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2017.016  

Comprehensive treatment of cervical carcinoma patients necessarily requires interdisciplinary cooperation. Early stage disease is radically solved by adequate surgical intervention. Locally or regionally advanced disease is treated by definitive chemoradiation with curative intent. Surgery and radiotherapy may be utilized effectively in the palliative treatment of recurrent, persistent, or metastatic disease. Systemic treatment has its use across most stages of this malignancy, whether in the neoadjuvant, concomitant, or palliative setting. The aim of this article is to provide the review of systemic therapy utilization in the treatment of uterine...

Immunotherapy related toxicities

Aneta Kyllarová, Ondřej Kubeček, Petronela Trojanová, Veronika Molnárová, Peter Priester, Jindřich Kopecký

Onkologie. 2017:11(2):83-87 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2017.017  

Immunotherapy is a treatment modality, which has experienced a renaissance in the treatment of solid tumours during last decade. The understanding of immune response and the discovery of immune checkpoints have contributed to the development of a brand new class of anti-tumour agents called checkpoint inhibitors. Despite undeniable progress in the treatment of several solid tumours (including melanoma and non small cell lung cancer), the immunotherapy is associated with considerable toxicity, which differs substantially from the well-known toxicity of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The number of patients being treated with checkpoint inhibitors...

Trifluridin/tipiracil in treatment of refractory metastatic colorectal cancer – early clinical experience

Josef Dvořák, Lucie Žitňanská, Zuzana Donátová, Igor Richter, Veronika Veškrňová, Tomáš Bűchler, Jitka Abrahámová

Onkologie. 2017:11(2):88-91 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2017.018  

Aim: A retrospective evaluation of efficacy and toleration of trifluridin/tipiracil. Patients and methods: A total of 18 patients with refractory metastatic colorectal cancer, treated with trifluridin/tipiracil, were evaluated. Results: At the time of this analysis, 13 patients completed the treatment and 5 patients in the treatment continue. Median of cycles administered to patients with completed treatment was 3 (2–3) cycles. According to the restaging CT examination after 3 cycles of treatment, 10 patients had progressive disease and one patient, who continues treatment, stable disease. Ten patients discontinued treatment due to disease...

Case report of a patient with metastatic malignant melanoma treated with pembrolizumab

Alena Fialová, Monika Arenbergerová

Onkologie. 2017:11(2):92-95 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2017.019  

Background: The prognosis of patients with malignant melanoma is poor. Treatment of pembrolizumab leads to prolonged life. Case: The patient with metastatic malignant melanoma stage IV with negative BRAF mutation treated with pembrolizumab with a complete response. Conclusion: Our case report highlights the good responses at treatment of pembrolizumab.

kolorektální karcinom, metastáza, chemoterapie, bevacizumab, resekce metastáz

Věra Benešová

Onkologie. 2017:11(2):96-98 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2017.020  

Colorectal cancer (C18-20) is the second leading malignancy in women as well as men. Its incidence has been rising constantly and the good news is that, in the recent years, its mortality has been declining slowly, which can be, in part, caused by the introduction of a screening programme (www.kolorektum.cz). On the contrary, the bad news is that as many as 20 % of patients with a primary diagnosis of colorectal cancer are found to have metastatic involvement. In another 20 to 30 % of patients, metastases occur within the subsequent two years. In patients with the presence of liver metastatic foci, the option of resecting these foci always has to be...