Slovo úvodem

prim. MUDr. Ivana Krajsová, MBA

Onkologie. 2018:12(1):3  

The role of FDG PET/CT in the management of malignant melanoma

David Zogala

Onkologie. 2018:12(1):7-11 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2018.002  

Positron emission tomography (PET/CT) with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is a well established method in oncological practice.Malignant melanoma (MM) typically belongs to the tumours with high FDG-avidity. The highest impact of FDG PET/CT in the diagnosisof MM is in the primary staging and restaging of advanced stages (AJCC III-IV). FDG PET/CT can be used in the case of clinicallysuspected disease relapse. The evidence level is currently insufficient to define the exact value of FDG PET/CT in the therapy effectassessment (mainly for novel therapeutic modalities as immunotherapy and kinase inhibition). Limited number of research studiesshow that FDG...

Progress in the treatment of cerebral metastases in advanced melanoma

Eugen Kubala

Onkologie. 2018:12(1):12-16 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2018.003  

Brain metastases in generalized melanoma represent a major therapeutic problem of current oncology. In 2017, three major studieswere published on this issue. The COMBI MB study utilized the previously published experience of the BREAK MB study and inpatients with proven BRAF mutation, combination of BRAF and MEK inhibitors were used to treat patients with brain metastases.The results demonstrated the high efficacy of this treatment. 58% ORR was achieved in asymptomatic non-treated patients versus39.2% ORR in patients treated with dabrafenib monotherapy. Another option is treatment with immunotherapy using anti-PD1and anti-CTLA4 antibodies. In comparison...

Aggressive behaviour of a low-risk vulvar melanoma: from excision to total pelvic exenteration

Yvetta Vantuchová, Libor Ševčík

Onkologie. 2018:12(1):17-20 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2018.004  

The case of a 47 age old patient with radically excised IA stage amelanotic melanoma without the presence of risky histologicalparameters is reported. Eight local recurrences during the 9 years have been treated and required total pelvic exenteration at theend. To increase the risk of local recurrences, initial primary tumor biopsy played an important role. After 10 years, lymphogenicmetastasis occurred in pelvic lymph nodes. All treatment modalities have been used in the treatment of the tumor, which allowedthe patient an unusually long survival 13.5 years from the diagnosis of the tumor.

Complete therapeutic response to anti-PD1 therapy in patient with advanced melanoma and resistance to targeted therapy of BRAF inhibitors

Ondřej Kodet, Kristýna Němejcová, Lukáš Lacina, Ivana Krajsová

Onkologie. 2018:12(1):21-24 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2018.005  

This clinical case describes patient with metastatic melanoma, who progressed after the first month of targeted therapy withBRAF and MEK inhibitors. The therapeutic effect came shortly after initiation of treatment with anti-PD1 therapy pembrolizumabwith a complete response after 4 months. The complete response now takes over 30 months. Possible mechanisms of so-calledprimary resistance of targeted BRAF inhibitors are described is discussion.

Oncofertility – perspectives and complications

Igor Crha, Martin Huser, Jana Žáková

Onkologie. 2018:12(1):25-28 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2018.006  

Current assisted reproduction techniques can be used to protect reproductive functions of oncological patients. The key factorstowards successful clinical implementation of these methods are good awareness and collaboration between clinical oncologistsand the assisted reproduction center with established reproductive protection program including surgical interventions onovaries and testes. Sperm cryopreservation represents the basic technique to protect the reproduction of men. The recognizedfertility preservation methods available for women are ovarian suppression with gonadoliberine analogues, ovarian stimulationwith oocytes and embryos collection...

The role of L1CAM as a prognostic factor in endometrial cancer

Jaroslav Klát, Aleš Mladěnka, Eva Matejková

Onkologie. 2018:12(1):29-31 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2018.007  

Objective: To summarize the knowledge about the role of L1CAM in endometrial cancer patients.Methods: Searching MEDLINE of the original studies related to L1CAM and endometrial cancer from 2000 to September 2017 byusing a searching terms: endometrial cancer AND L1CAM.Results: L1CAM is an independent predictor for poor survival, progression of disease, and is associated with advanced stage,high–risk endometrial cancer. Preoperave selection of patients to lymphadenectomy or postoperative selection of patients totailor adjuvant treatment depending on L1CAM positivity is promising, but should be confirmed by prospective trials.

Axitinib in the second-line treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma

Ondřej Fiala, Ondřej Šorejs, Tomáš Svoboda, Jindřich Fínek

Onkologie. 2018:12(1):34-37 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2018.008  

Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common malignant tumour of the kidney in adults the incidence of whichhas been increasing significantly in the long term. Axitinib is a second-generation antiangiogenic multikinase inhibitor capable ofinhibiting the kinase activity of VEGFR 1, VEGFR 2, VEGFR 3, PDGFR, and c-KIT. The efficacy and safety of axitinib in the second-linetreatment of metastatic RCC have been confirmed in several clinical trials.Case report: A 70-year-old man with multiple metastatic lesions of RCC was, following the failure of treatment with sunitinib inthe first line, treated with axitinib with a very good effect. Second-line...

High-grade ganglioglioma as the secondary glioneural brain tumor in a young adult

Renata Emmerová, Jana Luxemburgová, Tomáš Jirásek, Gabriela Šimonová, Josef Zámečník

Onkologie. 2018:12(1):38-41 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2018.009  

Ganglioglioma belongs to the group of rare mixed glioneural tumors, that grow from glial cells and neurons (mature but dysmorfic).According to some theories they arise from precursor stem cells, where glial cells can be malignantly transformed. Typicallyganglioglioma is a low grade glioma containing distinct gangliocytic elements. Macroscopically the tumor is localized on thesurface of the brain and often expands to the cortex; it contains both solid and cystic portions, calcifications, rarely hemorrhageand necrosis. Microscopically ganglioglioma consists of a mixture of dysplastic neuronal cells and glial cells, most commonlyastrocytes, which forms...

The nurse’s role in caring for a child during chemotherapy

Eva Cimbálníková, Iva Brabcová

Onkologie. 2018:12(1):42-46 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2018.010  

The aim of the present article is to describe the nurse’s role in the nursing care of a child during chemotherapy. The article is aimedat crucial nursing activities that are characteristic for paediatric oncology and oriented at nursing issues arising in association withside effects of chemotherapy. The study is conducted as a theoretical review paper. To achieve the objectives set, the methodof qualitative research was employed using the technique of secondary analysis of relevant sources. Pictorial supplements wereobtained from the Department of Paediatric Oncology of the Brno University Hospital. Paediatric oncology is a field that hasbecome...