Fenomén násilí ve zdravotnictví

Mgr. Jaroslav Pekara, Ph.D.

Onkologie. 2018:12(2):51  

Precursors of gastric adenocarcinoma

Bohuslava Šašková, Ondřej Daum, Magdaléna Dubová, Kristýna Pivovarčíková, Marián Švajdler

Onkologie. 2018:12(2):56-62 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2018.012  

This article provides an update of the clinical and pathological characteristic of precursors of gastric adenocarcinoma. Gastriccarcinogenesis is a multifactorial process involving genetic and environmental factors. The intestinal type of gastric adenocarcinomamost commonly develops through a multistep process beginning with chronic gastritis and progressing through mucosalatrophy, intestinal metaplasia, and dysplasia to carcinoma. Less common gastric cancer precursor lesions include foveolar typeof dysplasia (or foveolar adenoma), pyloric gland adenoma, gastric pit/crypt dysplasia, fundic gland polyp, hyperplastic polyp,and some non-neoplastic hamartomatous...

Brachytherapy for prostate cancer in light of recent guidelines

Renata Soumarová

Onkologie. 2018:12(2):64-67 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2018.013  

Along with radical prostatectomy and external radiotherapy, brachytherapy for prostate cancer is among the standard treatmentmethods for localized prostate cancer. When compared with the other methods of external radiotherapy, brachytherapy is bestfor the delivery of a high radiation dose to the prostate while sparing the surrounding tissues. Because of its very low morbidityrates, it still remains a current and popular treatment modality. International guidelines for indication and optimal patient selectionare being constantly supplemented and refined.

Brest cancer

Milan Brychta

Onkologie. 2018:12(2):68-73 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2018.014  

In this article there is a complete look at breast cancer focused on its treatment. It is divided into chapters by the presence of distantmetastasis, the treatment of breast cancer in pregnant women and breast cancer in men. Approach to BRCA positive patients ismentioned too. The effort was to give generalised view on this comprehensive issue.

Diagnosis a therapy of ampullary tumors

Zdena Zádorová

Onkologie. 2018:12(2):74-77 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2018.015  

Detection of tumors of the ampulla of Vater, including ampullary adenoma, has been improved by routine screening endoscopicprocedures and imaging modalities. Early and accurate diagnosis of tumours of the ampulla of Vater will lead to early treatmentand subsequent better prognosis. ERCP has been shown to be one of the best diagnostic modalities. Endosonography and intraductalultrasonography can reveal the size and extent of a tumor, accurately demonstrate invasion into peripancreatic tissue, andgive a therapeutic alternative. Endoscopic resection and ablation of benign ampullary tumors appears to be a viable alternativeto surgical therapy with acceptable...

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for advanced ovarian cancer

Jana Ďurková

Onkologie. 2018:12(2):78-81 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2018.016  

Epithelial cancers of ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal origin exhibit similar clinical characteristics and behavior. As such, theseare often combined together and define epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) in clinical trials and clinical. Nearly 75 % of women withovarian cancer are diagnosed with advanced stage disease at presentation. Treatment with primary cytoreductive surgery (PDS)followed by chemotherapy has been the standard of care for these women. The aim of this article is to set out the rationale for,and data supporting the use of, neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), because therapeutic benefit of neoadjuvant chemotherapyfollowed by interval...

The authors’ own experience with axitinib in treating metastatic renal cell carcinoma

Igor Richter, Josef Dvořák, Vladimír Šámal, Věra Hejzlarová, Jiří Bartoš

Onkologie. 2018:12(2):83-86 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2018.017  

Background and objective: Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) typically exhibits resistance to conventional chemotherapy. Sincethe year 2000, there has been a more profound understanding of the biology of renal carcinoma and advancement in targeted therapy.Axitinib is one of the more recent agents for the second-line therapy of mRCC classified as selective inhibitors of vascular endothelialgrowth factor receptor tyrosine kinase. The aim of the article is to present our own experience with this agent in the clinical practice.Patients and methods: From April 2014 to July 2017, a total of 17 mRCC patients (13 males, 4 females) were treated with axitinib.All...

A very good effect of escalation systematic paliative chemotherapy in advanced pancreatic cancer

Josef Gruna

Onkologie. 2018:12(2):87-90 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2018.018  

The case report describes unexpectedly prosperous response of systematic combination to paliative chemotherapy gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel in patient with advanced pancreatic cancer with income hepatopathy and low perfomance index.