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MUDr. Radkin Honzák

Onkologie. 2018:12(6):259  

News in systemic treatment of advanced and metastatic carcinoma of the stomach

Dagmar Brančíková, Michal Eid

Onkologie. 2018:12(6):263-266  

Although the incidence of gastric cancer progressively decreases, high mortality still persists and stomach cancer is one of themost aggressive diseases. Based on the meta-analysis of the benefit of chemotherapy in palliative treatment, for good combinationregimens with fluorouracil were evaluated oxaliplatin, irinothecan and docetaxel in first-line treatment, and the benefit ofanthracyclines and capecitabine would be assessed as unconvincing. The standard for treatment of the first line in HER-positivecarcinoma has become a combination with trastuzumab; for the II line treatment, however, no further HER receptor blockershave been confirmed as effective....

Breast cancer in elderly

Iveta Kolářová, Jaroslav Vaňásek, Karel Odrážka, Aleš Hlávka, Jan Štuk, Lukáš Sákra, Jana Mergancová

Onkologie. 2018:12(6):267-271 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2018.048  

A typical age of the czech patient with breast cancer is 60–69 years. Epidemiological studies confirmed that breast cancer in olderwomen usually had more favorable biological characteristics, such as high percentage of luminal A types. Despite the generalopinion that breast cancer in older age is an indolent disease, there is clearly evidence of higher disease-specific mortality incomparison with younger patients. This fact is probably related to the use of less aggressive drug therapy. In older patients, thetreatment decision should begin with an estimate of life expectancy, an assessment of the general condition, and proceed todiscussion of...

Fertility-sparing management in women with endometrial and ovarian cancers

Pavla Svobodová

Onkologie. 2018:12(6):273-277 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2018.049  

The trend of postponing pregnancy to older age increases the risk of developing malignancies before fulfilling reproduction plans.A non-negligible number of women who are in their fertile age and still have no children suddenly face a situation of receivinga diagnosis of reproductive organ malignancy. Protection of fertility in young women is one of the important parts of treatmentmanagement. Of foremost importance is the oncological treatment outcome; hence, indications to fertility-sparing managementare narrowed down to the population of younger women with early-stage, low-grade tumours who are very strongly motivated.Fertility-sparing management...

Anemia in oncology patients – diagnostics and therapy

Jarmila Kissová

Onkologie. 2018:12(6):278-282 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2018.050  

Anemia is a common complication in patients with cancer, its incidence increases in patients receiving chemotherapy.The presence of anemia negatively impacts survival, worsens the quality of life of oncological patients, and in some casesmay affect the success of oncology treatment. The causes of anemia in these patients are usually multifactorial. The mostcommon causes of anemia in oncology patients are blood loss, anemia of chronic disease, chemotherapy or radiationtherapy induced bone marrow aplasia, bone marrow infiltration, autoimmune hemolytic anemia and microangiopathichaemolytic anemia. An essential prerequisite for anemia treatment is a consistent...

The most frequent drug interactions in oncology

Šárka Kozáková, Roman Goněc, Jitka Rychlíčková, Jan Juřica

Onkologie. 2018:12(6):283-286 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2018.051  

Medicinal product interactions are a constant problem in treating oncological diseases. Not all drug interactions can be predictedand those which are predictable cannot always be prevented. However, increased awareness of the potential of these interactionsshould enable risk minimization by choosing appropriate medications as well as through monitoring for drug-interactionsymptoms. Mutual potential interactions of cytotoxic drugs and interactions between anticancer medicines and over-the-countermedicinal products or alternative medications and phytopharmaceuticals should not be underestimated. Drug interactions mayoccur at all levels and failure to...

Consequences of genitourinary malignancies therapy on cardiovascular system

Beata Mladosievičová, Lucia Petríková, Zuzana Poljak Valášková

Onkologie. 2018:12(6):288-292  

Cardiovascular toxicity induced by conventional anticancer drugs (anthracyclines and platinum compounds) has historically beena relevant issue of patients with genitourinary malignancies. In addition, targeted and androgen-deprivation therapies can alsoinduce cardiotoxicity in these patients. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are a novel class of effective antineoplastic drugs withcardiotoxicity used in patients with urogenital malignancies. Cardiotoxicity has been long underestimated in clinical practice,but during the last years significant number of patients with serious cardiovascular complications during or after completionof anticancer therapy have...

Celiac disease – diangostics, therapy, risk of cancer

Barbora Packová, Michal Šenkyřík, Radek Kroupa

Onkologie. 2018:12(6):293-296 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2018.053  

Celiac disease is an immune-mediated small intestinal enteropathy, triggered by the ingestion of gluten in genetically predisposedindividuals. It's prevalence is about 1% in Europe. The symptoms are usually atypical in adulthood and the diagnostics comprisesof serology, gastroscopy with duodenal biopsy, possibly also genetic evaluation and intestinal ultrasonography. Gluten free dietis the only therapy. Development of refractory celiac disease must be taken in account in case of a persistence of symptoms inpatients adherent to gluten free diet. Associated malignant complications are rare but have severe prognosis.

Jak přistupovat k biosimilar přípravkům v léčbě onkologických pacientů

Onkologie. 2018:12(6):297-302