Onkologická onemocnění u geriatrických pacientů

prof. MUDr. Hana Matějovská Kubešová, CSc.

Onkologie. 2020:14(1):3  

Elderly patient with cancer

Hana Matějovská Kubešová

Onkologie. 2020:14(1):7-11 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.001  

This article offers the review of characteristic features of malignancies in elderly as a result of commulation of common involution changes combined with pathophysiological mechanisms caused by tumor and its therapy. Attention is paid to impact of appetite loss, anaemia, dehydration, thromboembolic and septic complications. With increasing life expectancy, improving diagnostics and anticancer treatment, seniors with multiple chronic diseases are also entering cancer care. These patients are at risk of developing geriatric giant syndromes as instability and falls, deliria and complications connected with imobility.

Complex geriatric assessment in elderly with cancer

Hana Matějovská Kubešová

Onkologie. 2020:14(1):12-18 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.007  

Methods of complex geriatric assessment help to adequate decisions in individualized diagnostic and treatment strategies in elderly patients with cancer. Complex geriatric assessement (CGA) comprises the evaluation of somatic and psychical diseases with regard to cognitive performance and depresivity, used drugs, level of independence, risk of malnutrition, presence of geriatric syndromes and frailty. Important part of this evaluation is the social situation as well. There are several short forms of CGA for screeening of patients at risk. Complex evaluation is necessary to fulfill in case of positive screening and further strategies should be planned...

Myocardial infarction as a clinical condition manifesting urinary bladder cancer

Hana Matějovská Kubešová

Onkologie. 2020:14(1):19-22 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.008  

The case report describes a 90 years old man of very good complex geriatric assessment results initially, suffering from urinary bladder carcinoma. There was inherited thrombophilia and carotic thrombosis 25 years ago with long term antithrombotic prophylaxis in the medical history. The urinary bladder carcinoma was asymptomatic until myocardial infarction with coronary intervention followed by dual antiplatelet therapy when macroscopic haematuria appeared. There is to consider the acceleration of coronary atherosclerosis as a result of concomitant inherited thrombophilia and malignancy. As a first examination to reveal the cause...

Atypical initial symptomatology of pancreatic cancer

Tereza Effenbergerová, Hana Matějovská Kubešová

Onkologie. 2020:14(1):23-25 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.002  

Pancreatic tumors are tumors with high malignant potential. Its incidence has an increasing tendency and is currently 20/100 000 inhabitants, in 2000 the incidence was 15/100 000 inhabitants. It occurs mainly in patients between the sixth and eighth decennium, with a step increase since the 5th decennium. It occurs more often in men, where it is the ninth most common tumor. The tumor is asymptomatic at the beginning of the disease and the clinical picture is relatively poor and often atypical, as the case report shows.

News in the treatment of metastatic renal cancer

Michal Eid, Dagmar Brančíková

Onkologie. 2020:14(1):26-31 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.009  

The Czech Republic has the highest incidence of renal cancer. The most common histology type is clear cell renal cancer. For early stage cancer, radical nefrectomy is a curative approach. Until recently, for the first line treatment of metastatic renal cancer, tyrosin-kinase inhibitor (TKI) had been the treatment of choice. For patients in the poor prognosis group, mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) inhibitor temsirolimus was indicated, but it had not been associated with any substantial benefit to the patient. By contrast, based on the results of several clinical trials presented recently, modern immunotherapy with check-point inhibitors (CPI)...

Clinical importance of her-3 in breast cancer

Libor Staněk, Petra Tesařová, Robert Gurlich, Zdeněk Musil, František Mateička

Onkologie. 2020:14(1):32-36 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.003  

In the case of breast cancer, receptors of the large HER family play an important role that undergoes gradual evolution in association with the biological development, both in the diagnostic and therapeutic fields. Originally, HER-2 positivity in breast cancer was an unfavourable prognostic factor in itself. This has changed due to modern treatment with monoclonal antibodies. The final analysis of data from the CLEOPATRA trial has been another landmark. This trial focused on the benefit of adding the monoclonal antibody pertuzumab to standard treatment with trastuzumab and docetaxel. Pertuzumab binds to the same target as trastuzumab, yet at a different...

Current perspective on the treatment of advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Stanislav John

Onkologie. 2020:14(1):37-39 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.010  

The incidence of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in the population of the Czech Republic as well as in other developed countries has been increasing continuously. What is even more serious, however, is the high mortality rate of this disease that remains nearly unchanged even in the setting of intensive treatment. The overall five-year survival is only 7-9% of patients. Near-future estimates mention PDAC as one of the leading causes of death from tumour disease. Thus, it is a very pressing global issue in contemporary oncology. Major advances not only in treatment, but also in early diagnosis of patients and prevention are vital.

Systemic treatment for metastatic uveal melanoma with anti-PD-1 antibodies

David Šulc

Onkologie. 2020:14(1):40-44 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.011  

Uveal melanoma is the most common form of ocular melanoma. The disease is usually detected when in a localized stage; in 50% of cases, however, it metastasizes, predominantly into the liver, and the prognosis is very unfavourable. Metastatic disease tends to be disseminated and is not manageable with surgery or other locoregional therapies. As a result, there is a need for finding an effective systemic treatment for metastatic uveal melanoma. The treatment options are, however, very limited. Both chemotherapy and modern agents, such as immunotherapeutic drugs and antiBRAF/MEK therapy that are available for systemic treatment of metastatic malignant...

External lung cancer risk factors in non-smokers

Ondřej Venclíček

Onkologie. 2020:14(1):45-46 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.005  

The article addresses the external risk factors that have been investigated for possible association with lung cancer in non-smoking patients.

Androgen deprivation therapy of prostate cancer and cardiovascular morbidity

Otakar Čapoun

Onkologie. 2020:14(1):47-52 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.006  

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) of prostate cancer (PC) is burdened by a number of adverse events or effects (AEs). Immediate AEs are hot flashes and sweating, the main AE of long-term ADT include body feminisation, sexual and cognitive changes, fatigue or sleep disturbances. Other AEs are related to metabolic changes (osteoporosis, changes in lipid metabolism, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome). Serious AEs include fractures and cardiovascular events (CVEs). Treatment with agonists of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) is associated with a higher risk of CVEs compared to the LHRH antagonist degarelix. Higher rate of...

Trifluridin/tipiracil ve 3. linii léčby kolorektálního karcinomu a nově i karcinomu žaludku

MUDr. Zuzana Zafarová

Onkologie. 2020:14(1):54-59  

Polatuzumab vedotin – nová naděje pro pacienty s relabujícím/remitentním velkobuněčným B lymfomem

Marek Trněný, David Belady

Onkologie. 2020:14(1):60-63  

HER2-pozitivní časný karcinom prsu – na cestě k úplnému vyléčení

MUDr. Zuzana Zafarová

Onkologie. 2020:14(1):64-66  

Odešel velký člověk a lékař prof. MUDr. Vítězslav Kolek, DrSc., FCCP

Petr Jakubec

Onkologie. 2020:14(1):53