Inflamatorní lymfomy

prof. MUDr. Vít Procházka, Ph.D.

Onkologie. 2020:14(3):107 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.020  

Current perspective on diagnosis and treatment of primary central nervous system lymphomas

Andrea Jirkuvová, Vít Procházka, Aleš Obr

Onkologie. 2020:14(3):110-113 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.021  

Primary central nervous system lymphoma is one of extranodal lymphomas with primary aggressive clinical behaviour. It affects brain, spinal cord, leptomeninges and eye. Standard of treatment is induction with chemotherapy including high-dose methotrexate and subsequent consolidation with autologous stem cell transplant or whole-brain radiotherapy. Due to increased incidence in patients older than 60 years with regard to toxicity risks, including cognitive deficit, individualized therapy is necessary. New findings in pathophysiology at molecular level of this lymphoma subtype bring new options with targeted treatment.

Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma: positron emission tomography benefit in clinical practice

Veronika Hanáčková, Vít Procházka

Onkologie. 2020:14(3):114-116 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.022  

Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma is an aggressive B cell lymphoma that is characterised by rapid growth of large tumor mass in anterior mediastinum. In the era of immunochemotherapy. A five year survival rate is 80-90%, even though early relapses occur in part of the patients leading to unfavorable outcome. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) is currently widely used in diagnosis, staging of disease and monitoring of therapy. Assessed parameters are not entirely visual assessment using Deauville scoring system, but also additional metric parameters resulting from PET/CT assessment,...

Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma: the importance of genetic changes

Helena Urbánková, Michaela Vatolíková, Vít Procházka

Onkologie. 2020:14(3):117-121 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.023  

Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma is a separate entity defined by clinical, histopathological and molecular biological parameters. It represents a subgroup of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas that requires a specific treatment approach. Recurrent genetic changes characteristic for this disease are described. The most common acquired aberrations include point mutations, structural rearrangements and numerical changes in the PDL1, PDL2, CIITA, JAK2 and REL genes. This results in deregulation of NF-κB and JAK / STAT signaling pathways, which play a role in the regulation of gene expression, cell cycle and apoptosis, and changes...

Circulating tumour DNA in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma

Alexandra Kredátusová, Veronika Hanáčková, Marie Lukášová, Helena Urbánková, Vít Procházka

Onkologie. 2020:14(3):122-125 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.024  

Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) is extracellular DNA which can be found in peripheral blood of patients suffering from malignancies. A liquid biopsy as a method of its non-invasive assessment might be potentially useful in clinical practice especially in cases when there is no available source of tumour DNA for genotyping or when a sampling could be problematic due to technical issues or a patient´s condition. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of ctDNA might improve diagnostics and management of a disease and contribute to more personalised healthcare. It can be used in diagnostic screening for mutations, during therapy and at the end of treatment...

Current perspective on the treatment of advanced/metastatic colorectal cancer

Stanislav John

Onkologie. 2020:14(3):126-130 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.025  

Metastatic spread is responsible for the majority of all cancer deaths (1). The same, unfortunately, applies to colorectal cancer (CRC). However, multimodal combination therapy significantly improves the prognosis of patients, with some even being able to achieve long-term disease remission or even complete cure. More readily available and more accurate molecular analyses should be helpful in the effort to establish diagnosis, prognosis, and appropriate therapeutic objectives for a strictly individualized treatment. Novel treatment strategies emerge from clinical trials, but the rates of their implementation vary across countries. The present text...

Nivolumab in the treatment of recurrent or methastatic head and neck cancer

David Vrána

Onkologie. 2020:14(3):131-134 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.026  

The therapeutic possibilities of recurrent or methastatic head and neck carcinomas are unfortunatelly limited. Systemic therapy is the only option in the case the patients are not candidates for locoregional treatment (chemotherapy or radiotherapy). Taxane, methotrexate or 5-fluorouracil based chemotherapy was only treatment possibility after disease progression on platine derivates with or without cetuximab. Immunotherapy has quickly established its position in the treatment algorytms of several tumor types and CheckMate 141 clinical trial has integrate nivolumab in the treatment of local recurrent or methastatic head and neck carcinomas when nivolumab...