Neuroonkologie současnosti

prof. MUDr. Martin Smrčka, Ph.D., MBA

Onkologie. 2021:15(5):211  

Surgical treatment of brain gliomas

Pavel Fadrus, Martin Smrčka, Vilém Juráň, Eduard Neuman, Marek Sova, Miloš Duba, Soňa Kryštofová, Radek Lakomý, Tomáš Kazda, Marek Večeřa, Tereza Kopřivová, Václav Vybíhal

Onkologie. 2021:15(5):213-217 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2021.041  

The most common primary intra-axial brain tumours are gliomas (40-50 % of all CNS tumours). Although the predominantly invasive and infiltrative nature of gliomas is responsible for the impossibility of curative resection, the primary goal of surgical procedures is to resect these tumours as much as possible. It is now widely accepted that radical surgical resection of gliomas is significantly more effective than less radical resection or biopsy and has a positive impact on OS and PFS. The aim of this review article is to provide basic and up-to-date information on the current, so-called multimodal options, for radical surgical resection of brain gliomas.

Awake craniotomy: a bit of science, a bit of skills, a bit of empathy and a lot of patient's courage

Eduard Neuman, Marek Sova, Václav Vybíhal, Milena Košťálová, Kateřina Procházková, Andrea Doleželová, Petr Kyjas, Martin Smrčka

Onkologie. 2021:15(5):218-225 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2021.042  

The article deals with the indications, practical realization and complications of awake craniotomy. Awake craniotomy is currently a frequently used method in the surgery of diffuse low-grade gliomas of the brain. It allows to monitor the patient's motor, speech, verbal and non-verbal semantics, emotionality and, to some extent, executive functions during the procedure. The indications of the method, practical implementation, complications and the postoperative rehabilitation are discussed. The close relationship between awake craniotomy and possible postoperative oncological treatment is also mentioned.

Treatment of pituitary adenomas - surgical treatment options

Václav Vybíhal, Karel Máca, Karel Starý, Jan Dobrovolný, Martin Smrčka, Radek Pejčoch, Miloš Keřkovský

Onkologie. 2021:15(5):226-230 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2021.043  

Pituitary adenomas are the most common tumours in the Turkish seat, accounting for 10-15 % of all intracranial tumours, and they are benign lesions. The treatment of adenomas is complex and pharmacological, neurosurgical and radiosurgical procedures are used. In selected cases, conservative therapy is also indicated. Surgical therapy is indicated in case of expansive behavior, progression of size with the risk of compression of the surrounding structures and with the exception of prolactinomas in hormonally active adenomas. New neurosurgical techniques have made it possible to increase the radicality and safety of operations. The goal of pituitary...

Surgical treatment of brain metastases

Miloš Duba, Ivana Rošková, Andrej Mrlian, Pavel Fadrus, Václav Vybíhal, Tomáš Kazda, Dagmar Al Tukmachi, Jiří Šána, Ondřej Hrdý, Jaroslav Duba, Martin Smrčka

Onkologie. 2021:15(5):231-237 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2021.044  

With an annual incidence of 5/100,000, meningioma is the most common primary intracranial extraaxial tumor. It is usually a slow-growing tumor growing from arachnoid cells. In adults, they make up approximately 30% of all intracranial tumors. They are rare in children. Meningiomas occurs significantly more common in women. Most of the tumors are benign. The clinical manifestation depends on the location and size of the tumor. In therapy, surgical treatment is most important, the aim is total removal of the tumor, which often means a complete cure of the patient. The patient's prognosis is determined by the anatomical location, radicality of the resection...

Surgical treatment of brain metastases

Václav Vybíhal, Pavel Fadrus, Martin Smrčka, Ivana Rošková, Miloš Duba, Eduard Neuman, Marek Sova, Tomáš Kazda, Marek Večeřa, Jiří Šána

Onkologie. 2021:15(5):238-242 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2021.045  

Brain metastases are a serious complication of cancer. There has been an increase in the radicality and safety of resection procedures due to advances in brain imaging methods, perioperative electrophysiological monitoring and instrumentation, while reducing surgical mortality and morbidity. Surgical resection is still considered the first therapeutic option. It is indicated mainly in patients with solitary brain metastasis in an accessible location, in good clinical condition and with a favorable prognosis. It is relatively contraindicated in the case of uncontrolled cancer, poor clinical condition, in the case of radiosensitive tumors a poor prognosis...

The tumours of the spinal canal

Ondřej Navrátil, Karel Máca, Vladimír Přibáň, Lenka Nekulová, Martin Smrčka

Onkologie. 2021:15(5):243-246 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2021.046  

The tumours of the spinal canal form about 15% of the central nervous system tumours. They form rather heterogenous group of tumours based on the tissue they arise from. Based on their localization, they are divided to extradural, intradural extramedullar and intramedullar tumours. Furthermore, we distinguish the primary tumours and the metastatic tumours. The primary tumours are treated mainly by surgical treatment. The main goal is the total removal of the tumour or at least the sufficient decompression of the neural structures. In addition, there is a time window to apply adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy in respect to the histopathology. The...

Phytopharmaceuticals in cancer treatment: part 1

Vilma Vranová, Jan Šaloun

Onkologie. 2021:15(5):247-251 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2021.047  

The use of the healing power of nature is as old as humanity itself, with the vast majority of natural remedies being of plant origin. As a matter of fact, a number of currently used chemical medicines, including cytostatic drugs, also have their natural prototype. It is therefore no surprise that even contemporary medicine does not turn its back on standardized medicinal products in the form of phytopharmaceuticals. On the contrary, as part of the current trend of returning to nature, a lot of patients prefer or even request these remedies; hence, it is important to be aware of the options of this "classical" treatment. This interest is potentiated...

Complete remission and long-term response to gemcitabine + nab-paclitaxel in patient with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Marián Liberko, Renata Soumarová

Onkologie. 2021:15(5):252-254 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2021.048  

We describe a case-report of patient with resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma. There was early dissemination during adjuvant chemotherapy. Subsequent treatment of metastatic disease yielded surprisingly long term response; we even observed complete remission. After disease recurrence, the same chemotherapy regimen was re-introduced with observed benefit for next 6 months.

Relationship between spiritual needs and quality of life of patients with breast cancer

Andrea Botíková, Silvia Lipovská, Šárka Tomová, Daniela Bartoníčková

Onkologie. 2021:15(5):255-258  

An important need of each individual is his spirituality. It is a multidimensional and complex area that contributes to the management of serious diseases, such as cancer. In cases of women's breast cancer, it also helps maintain hope and manage the symptoms of the disease, find a way to oneself, but also cope with demanding treatment. In our research, two standardized questionnaires, FACT-B and FACIT-SP, has shown that spirituality also reflects the quality of life of these patients, in all its dimensions. At the same time, it was identified that patients diagnosed with breast cancer in Slovakia show a high level of spirituality. Based on the results,...