Podpůrná a paliativní léčba v onkologii 

doc. MUDr. Pavel Fadrus, Ph.D.

Onkologie. 2022:16(6):283  

Some notes on the management of palliative care in cancer centres in accordance with the 2030 National Oncology Plan in the Czech Republic

Ondřej Sláma

Onkologie. 2022:16(6):287-291 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.061  

Cancer patients with advanced disease need comprehensive supportive and palliative care during and after cancer treatment. The provision of this care represents a challenge for Czech oncology, which has not yet been systematically addressed. In our article, we present the basic goals and objectives for the development of palliative care in cancer centres as outlined in the 2030 National Oncology Plan of the Czech Republic 2030 (NOP), and provide a more detailed description of the different forms of specialised palliative care referred to in the NOP: palliative medicine outpatient clinics, palliative care consultation teams, and palliative care inpatient...

The inpatient hospice role in palliative care

Lucie Světláková, Miroslav Světlák, Markéta Hanušová

Onkologie. 2022:16(6):293-295 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.062  

Currently, hospice is defined as a medical facility that provides a comprehensive health and social care to patients in the terminal phase of the disease and their relatives, to help them to live as fully and comfortably as possible, while the duration of care usually does not exceed three months. Hospice care is a key pillar of palliative care and is an essential part of modern medicine. Knowledge of the functioning, possibilities and organization of hospice care is a necessary condition for its early and adequate indication in suitable patients. The acceptance of the vision and mission of hospice care by doctors of all specialities also represents...

Home hospice care for cancer patients

Regina Slámová

Onkologie. 2022:16(6):296-298 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.063  

Mobile specialised palliative care ("home hospice") is a form of specialised palliative care in the patient's home environment in the mode of so-called home hospitalization with permanent availability of a doctor and a nurse (24/7/365 availability). The basic characteristics of MSPP activities and the indication criteria for admission of a cancer patient are presented in this article.

Radiotherapy options in palliative care

Ludmila Hynková, Miroslava Sláviková, Ondřej Sláma, Tomáš Kazda, Pavel Fadrus, Pavel Šlampa

Onkologie. 2022:16(6):299-304 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.064  

Almost one third of adult cancer patients undergo palliative radiation therapy. This review article provides basic information on the methods radiotherapy uses to affect the most common symptoms in patients undergoing palliative treatment. It also focuses on the toxicity and effectiveness of radiotherapy.

Palliative care in patients with primary brain tumours

Pavel Fadrus, Ondřej Sláma, Ludmila Hynková, Tomáš Kazda, Radek Lakomý, Lucie Světláková, Markéta Hanušová, Irena Henzlová, Regina Slámová, Soňa Kryštofová, Marek Sova, Vilém Juráň, Miloš Duba, Eduard Neuman, Pavel Šlampa, Martin Smrčka, Václav Vybíhal

Onkologie. 2022:16(6):305-311 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.065  

Palliative care (PP) is active multidisciplinary care, which is not primarily aimed at prolonging life or treatment of cancer patients, but at alleviating the symptoms of the underlying disease and thereby improving their quality of life. PP should already be provided during complex oncological care and be an integral part of it. This trend also applies to neuro-oncology patients with a primary brain tumour. Patients with a primary brain tumour do not belong to the most numerous group of oncology patients, but given that, in addition to general symptoms of oncological disease, they are also affected by a progressive neurological disease, they are a...

Testicular tumors and radiotherapy - minireview

Jiří Petera, Denisa Pohanková, Jan Jansa

Onkologie. 2022:16(6):312-316 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.066  

Radiotherapy was till 1960s-1970s of the last century principal part of treatment of both seminomas and nonseminomas. Recognition of relative radiorezistence of nonseminoma limited radiotherapy indication to seminomas only. Further development led to the revisions of indication of adjuvant treatment, to reduction of radiotherapy volumes and doses and to use of chemotherapy as alternative to irradiation. Contemporary radiotherapy has a role in the treatment in stage I-II seminoma in patients not suitable for surveillance or chemotherapy. Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy is a preferred technique.

Advances in the treatment of anal squamous cell cancer

Radka Lohynská, Filip Pazdírek, Jana Čejková

Onkologie. 2022:16(6):317-321 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.067  

A specialized multidisciplinary team (MDT) plays a crucial role in optimizing the treatment procedure for anal squamous cell cancer (ASCC). Very early stages are treated only with surgery (<5%), more advanced stages with chemoradiotherapy (CHRT). New regimens of radical CHRT and palliative chemotherapy (CHT) and immunotherapy have shown improved survival. Modern techniques of radiotherapy (RT) lead to a significant reduction in the toxicity of the treatment and enable ambulatory administration of the treatment.

Malignant ureteral obstruction

Vladimír Šámal, Igor Richter, Vít Paldus, Jan Mečl, Jiří Špaček

Onkologie. 2022:16(6):322-325 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.068  

Malignant ureteral obstruction (MUO) can be caused by ureteral cancer but also by extramural obstruction by a number of tumors located in the pelvis and abdominal cavity. Generally, these are late-stage tumors that cause obstruction of the ureters by their own tumor or nodal process. Untreated MUO eventually leads to hydronephrosis, obstructive uropathy, manifestations of uremia, and subsequently death. Historically, the approach to MUO has evolved from open surgical methods burdened with high morbidity to minimally invasive methods. Potential solutions to MUO include the insertion of ureteral stents or percutaneous nephrostomy. While both methods...

Lung cancer screening and the Population pilot program for the early detection of lung cancer in the Czech Republic

Hynek Mírka, Martina Koziar Vašáková, Ivana Čierná-Peterová, Jana Skřičková, Petr Šonka, Bohumil Seifert, Marcela Koudelková, Karel Hejduk, Ondřej Ngo, Renata Chloupková, Ondřej Májek

Onkologie. 2022:16(6):327-331 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.069  

Lung cancer is one of the most common and most serious oncological diseases. Despite progress in diagnostic methods, most tumors are detected in advanced stages associated with an unfavorable prognosis. One of the possibilities to change this situation is the search for early stages of tumors in the asymptomatic risk population using low-dose computed tomography. The benefit of this approach has been confirmed by clinical studies (the largest are NLST and NELSON). It is currently recommended by a number of professional societies. The introduction of lung cancer screening is also part of the Europe´s Beating Cancer Plan and the National Oncology Plan...

Schwannomatosis of the spinal canal - case report of father and daughter

Sabina Muzikářová, Martin Smrčka

Onkologie. 2022:16(6):332-336 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.070  

This case report describes the case of two patients of Neurosurgical clinic of the University Hospital Brno - father and daughter with diagnosed neurofibromatosis of spinal canal. Patient Father is under observation at our clinic since 2009, for MRI findings of multiple schwannomas in cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine. Patient was indicated for multiple neurosurgical interventions. While undergoing outpatient follow-ups, new schwannomas were discovered along the spinal canal. A total of five surgeries were performed over 13 years leading to removal of the tumours and relief of the original clinical symptomatology. The patient's daughter with an identical...

Health service of the First Czechoslovak Republic and its approach to oncological diseases

Andrej Tóth, Valérie Tóthová, Jan Hladík, Jakub Drábek, Lukáš Novotný, Martin Červený

Onkologie. 2022:16(6):337-342  

Changes in the composition of human society and the living conditions in which people live are causing changes in the social meaning of illness. In a certain period, specific serious health problems come to the fore and the health service has to focus on them more intensively to bring them under control and gradually eliminate them. However, other diseases will then take their place, which will once again trigger the attention of public authorities, who must focus on tackling the next major challenge to population health. The First Czechoslovak Republic provided an opportunity for a general political, social and socio-economic modernisation of society,...