Několik poznámek k léčbě  (lokálně) pokročilého plicního karcinomu

Martin Svatoň

Onkologie. 2025:19(5):259

Treatment of SCLC (Small Cell Lung Cancer)

Marie Drösslerová

Onkologie. 2025:19(5):263-267 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2025.048

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a type of bronchogenic carcinoma characterized by rapid growth. Initially, it shows marked chemosensitivity and radiosensitivity. Current standard treatment approaches also include immunotherapy. Despite significant advances in SCLC treatment in recent years, the overall prognosis remains poor for most patients. This is due to the tumor's highly aggressive biological behavior, with a typically high relapse rate and subsequent resistance to further therapy. As a result, intensive research is underway into new therapeutic strategies, including targeted therapy and combination regimens.

Treatment of inoperable stage III non-small cell lung cancer

Milada Zemanová

Onkologie. 2025:19(5):268-274 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2025.049

Antitumor immunotherapy using checkpoint inhibitors brings significant improvement in treatment outcomes for patients with stage III NSCLC. To determine the treatment strategy in stage III, multidisciplinary team decision-making is necessary with the most precise definition of operable vs. inoperable cases. In the case of inoperable stage III, consolidation treatment with immunotherapy is the standard with the condition of PD-L1 expression above 1 %. One-year treatment after concomitant chemoradiothe­rapy significantly increases the chance of long-term survival and has also been shown to significantly prolong the time to disease recurrence. In inoperable...

Immunotherapy in the treatment of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer

Ondřej Bílek

Onkologie. 2025:19(5):275-282 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2025.050

Immune checkpoint inhibition has become an integral component of standard treatment algorithms across all lines of therapy. PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors are indicated as monotherapy, as part of dual checkpoint blockade with CTLA-4 inhibitors, or in combination with other therapeutic modalities such as chemotherapy, anti-angiogenic agents, and radiotherapy. The use of immunotherapy has significantly improved survival outcomes even in advanced disease stages and enables durable clinical responses in a subset of patients.

Actual possibilities of target therapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in Czech Republic

Monika Bratová

Onkologie. 2025:19(5):283-287 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2025.051

Target therapy od non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has experienced further huge development in last years. There were new agents introduced into clinical practice (RET, KRAS, MET, ROS1, BRAF inhibitors, HER2 blocker). Also indication of this therapy spreads into the adjuvant use (osimertinib, alectinib) or into the combination with chemotherapy (osimertinib). An important change of clinical practise is caused by amivantamab, that proved effectivity in the treatment of NSCLC with sensitising mutations or in NSCLC with EGFR insertion in exon 20. This progress leads to the further precise personalization of the treatment of NSCLC with driving mutations....

New trends in local and systemic treatment of uveal melanoma

Eva Skácelíková

Onkologie. 2025:19(5):288-293 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2025.052

Uveal melanoma is the most common malignant tumor of the eye in adult patients. Although its incidence is relatively low, the disease is associated with a high risk of local recurrence and distant metastases, particularly to the liver. Traditional treatment strategies include enucleation, brachytherapy, or proton radiotherapy; in recent years, stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) has become increasingly popular in clinical practice, offering precise application of high doses of radiation with a high degree of local control and preservation of the eyeball. Systemic treatment of metastatic disease is a completely separate issue. Until recently, there was...

Current landscape of precision medicine in oncology

Alžběta Hlodáková, Martin Palkovský, Peter Priester, Jindřich Kopecký

Onkologie. 2025:19(5):294-298 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2025.053

This review article summarizes the current state and trends in the field of precision medicine in oncology. Precision medicine utilizes advanced molecular profiling technologies, particularly genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, to individualize cancer treatment based on the biological characteristics of each tumor. The article clarifies the distinction between precision and personalized medicine and presents key molecular tools, such as next-generation sequencing (NGS), liquid biopsy, and molecular tumor boards. Established examples of targeted therapies and immunothe­rapies are discussed, including the use of driver mutations and predictive...

The role of T-lymphocyte subpopulations in the pathogenesis and treatment of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas

Tereza Shokralla, Martin Špaček

Onkologie. 2025:19(5):299-304 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2025.054

Research in the field of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (B-NHL) has in recent years shifted focus toward the significance of the tumor microenvironment (TME). The complex interactions between malignant lymphocytes, stromal cells (such as tumor-associated fibroblasts and macrophages), and T-lymphocytes represent key determinants of tumor biology and the clinical course of the disease. The T-lymphocyte compartment, an important and highly heterogeneous component of the lymphoma microenvironment, includes a variety of functionally and phenotypically distinct T-cell subpopulations. Their quantitative and qualitative representation, interactions, and dynamics...

Pemigatinib in the treatment of metastatic intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma with FGFR2 alteration

Martin Palkovský, Marián Liberko, Renata Soumarová

Onkologie. 2025:19(5):306-311 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2025.055

Pemigatanib is a selective FGFR2 inhibitor for the treatment of adults with locally advanced or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma with fusion or rearrangement of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (fibroblast growth factor receptor 2, FGFR2) who have progressed after at least one prior line of systemic therapy. This case report documents the atypical behavior of cholangiocellular carcinoma diagnosed in 2013 at clinical stage II. After progression on first-line treatment (FOLFOX), treatment with pemigatinib was initiated in June 2024 and continues to date.

Hidden threat: sarcomatoid transformation of germ cell tumor

Ondřej Lukáč

Onkologie. 2025:19(5):312-315 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2025.056

Germline tumours are generally popular with oncologists as tumours with a very good prognosis, especially in the case of seminomas, even at advanced stages. Nevertheless, there are also high-risk groups where treatment can be difficult, and despite the use of toxic chemotherapy, we may not be able to save the patient. A separate issue is the so-called sarcomatoid transformation, which can develop in patients after previous cisplatin therapy. In my case report, I would like to present a patient who combined a number of these risk factors, which unfortunately led to the failure of our treatment.

Desmoplastic melanoma of the skin arising on the scalp: a case report

Vladimír Bartoš, Michal Urda

Onkologie. 2025:19(5):316-319 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2025.057

Desmoplastic melanoma (DM) is a rare type of cutaneous melanoma characterized by specific clinical, biological, and histomorphological features. Grossly, it rather looks like a benign skin lesion and therefore it is usually diagnosed late at a locally advanced stage. Herein, a case of a 73-year-old woman with cutaneous DM arising on the scalp is described. It histologically consisted of atypical spindle and pleomorphic tumor cell population, which was dispersely distributed within desmoplastic stroma and "masked" by massive lymphocytic cellulisation. The tumor invaded deeply into the subcutaneous tissue and was in close proximity to the resection margins....

Early diagnosis of immune-related myositis in a patient treated with pembrolizumab

Martina Spisarová, Martin Marhefka, Aviv Philip Goncharov

Onkologie. 2025:19(5):320-322 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2025.058

In recent years, immunotherapy has played a key role in the treatment of numerous diseases. Renal carcinoma is one of the conditions in which the introduction of checkpoint inhibitors represented a real breakthrough in the entire management of the disease. Toxicity remains one of the major challenges associated with immunotherapy. The management of immune-related adverse events requires their early detection, which appears to be as important as their proper treatment.

Zaznělo na 49. ročníku Brněnských onkologických dnů  a 39. ročníku Konference pro nelékařské zdravotnické pracovníky

MUDr. David Salát

Onkologie. 2025:19(5):323-329

Zaznělo na 49. ročníku Brněnských onkologických dnů  a 39. ročníku Konference pro nelékařské zdravotnické pracovníky

MUDr. David Salát

Onkologie. 2025:19(5):330-334