Slovo úvodem

MUDr. Hana Šiffnerová, Ph.D.

Onkologie. 2010:4(4):219  

Kožní nádory - slovo úvodem

Petra Cetkovská

Onkologie. 2010:4(4):224  

Malignant melanoma

Tomáš Fikrle, Karel Pizinger

Onkologie. 2010:4(4):225-228  

Malignant melanoma is a malignant skin tumor with the tendency to metastasize. The incidence of melanoma increases. The genetic predisposition and UV radiation are the most important factors in the etiopathogenesis of melanoma. We distinguish 4 clinical subtypes of melanoma: lentigo maligna melanoma, superficial spreading melanoma, nodular melanoma and acrolentiginous melanoma. Malignant melanoma can metastasize into the skin, subcutis, lymph nodes or other visceral organs. The prognosis of thin melanomas is good in contrast to that of thick melanomas and melanomas with metastases. The preventive campaigns, screening of high-risk patients,...

Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer

Barbora Divišová, Petra Cetkovská, Karel Pizinger

Onkologie. 2010:4(4):230-232  

Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), encompassing basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), is the most frequent cancer in fair-skinned populations, particularly frequent in coun tries with high sun exposure and in immu nosuppressed patients. The incidence of NMSC has increased dramatically worldwide. Although BCC and SCC possess many similar features, there are fundamentals biological differences. Actinic keratosis (AK) is thought to be part of a continuum along the path to the development of SCC. Most of the time the diagnosis of NMSC is based on clinical presentation, however histological findings play in some cases main role....

Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas: mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome

Petra Cetkovská

Onkologie. 2010:4(4):233-236  

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) accounts for two thirds of all cases of primary cutaneous lymphoma. The most common CTCL is mycosis fungoides typically running an indolent course, on the other side, the rare Sézary syndrome has an aggressive clinical course. Making accurate diagnosis and staging according to the new WHO-EORTC classification and TNMB system is essential to determine the prognosis and management. In early-stage disease patients should be treated with skin-directed treatment, in more advanced or aggressive course systemic treatment should be recommended by an interdisciplinary team.

Cutaneous metastases

Karel Pizinger

Onkologie. 2010:4(4):237-240  

The incidence of cutaneous metastases is about 3–10 % and they are rarely present at the time when the malignancy is diagnosed. The cutaneous metastases of lung cancer are most frequently in men, and breast metastases in women. In both genders the next two places are taken by colon cancer and melanoma. Cutaneous metastases may represent the first evidence of malignancy in particular cancer of the lung, kidney, and ovary. Cutaneous metastases usually occur on the trunk, and present as single or multiple, painless nodule/s of sudden onset. Carcinomas of the breast present as several, typical, clinical patterns (inflammatory, telangiectaticum,...

Cutaneous metastases of ovarian carcinoma

Adisa Duranovič, Iva Tatarková, Karel Pizinger

Onkologie. 2010:4(4):241-242  

Cutaneous metastases may occur in any malignancy, (1) of which adenocarcinomas represent more than one half. Skin metastases of ovarian carcinoma are rarely seen in clinical practice, however they can be the first sign of the disease. Four percent of skin metastases in women are from ovary, and umbilical area, vulva and upper thigh are the most commonly involved sites. The authors present a case report of massive skin metastatic eruption indicating the generalization of the primary ovarian malignancy.

Human Papillomavirus from the View of Oncology

Lucie Mouková, Richard Feranec

Onkologie. 2010:4(4):243-246  

Human Papillomaviruses (HPV) are tissue specific DNA viruses. The oncogenic HPV influence has been approved in genital and respiratory regions and gastrointestinal tract in recent literature. Different types of HPV cause warts (condyloma acuminata) in the areas mentioned above. They give rise to the reccurent respiratory papillomatosis in the respiratory tract. HPV induce precanceroses of the uterine cervix, vulvar and vaginal precanceroses, penile and anal precanceroses. High risk oncogenic types of HPV share of genesis in about 99–100 % of carcinoma of the uterine cervix, in 85–90 % of anal carcinoma, in 60 % of vaginal carcinoma,...

Immune profile of chronic myeloid leukemia patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors - literary review

Peter Rohoň, Kimmo Porkka, Satu Mustjoki

Onkologie. 2010:4(4):247-250  

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative disorder of hematopoietic stem cell with myeloid differentiation predominantly. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) (imatinib, dasatinib, nilotinib) are the current standard treatment in CML. In addition to the BCR-ABL oncoprotein, they also inhibit off-target kinases (e. g. c-KIT, SRC, TEC). Some of these kinases have physiological functions in immune responses. In vitro studies have implied immunosuppressive effects of TKI, but comprehensive data form in vivo analyses has been missing. In summary, in a distinct subgroup of dasatinib-treated patients, immune reactivity is significantly...

Changes in colorectal cancer screening - a step in the right direction?

Norbert Král, Bohumil Seifert, Ladislav Dušek, Ondřej Májek

Onkologie. 2010:4(4):251-255  

Almost ten years after the introduction of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening in the Czech Republic, there has been a change in the programme. The major epidemiological indicators of CRC, i. e. incidence and mortality, still remain unfavourable. Secondary prevention of CRC has not fulfilled the expectations so far. The change of the programme consists in choosing an individual screening method and modifying its interval. Primary screening colonoscopy, which is a new alternative, is expected to increase the adherence of the population to the screening. A qualitative change has been brought by the use of an immunochemical faecal occult blood test...

Medulloblastoma: the most common malignant brain tumor in children

Karel Zitterbart, Zdeněk Pavelka, Jana Zitterbartová

Onkologie. 2010:4(4):256-259  

Medulloblastoma, an embryonal neuroectodermal tumor of the cerebellum, is the most common form of malignant brain tumor of childhood. 10–12 new cases occur in the Czech Republic each year. Current treatment, which combines modern techniques of neurosurgical resection and radiotherapy, and adjuvant chemotherapy, has improved survival substantially. The intensity of multimodal therapy is based on clinical criteria of age, metastatic disease and the extent of surgical resection. Nevertheless, 19–30 % of average risk and 30–70 % of high risk patients experience relapses within 5 years from initial presentation. Identification...

Results of surgical treatment of lung metastases

Anton Dzian, Julián Hamžík, Peter Stiegler, Elena Kavcová, Dušan Mištuna

Onkologie. 2010:4(4):260-264  

Introduction: One of the characteristic properties of malignant tumors is the foundation of distant metastases, whereby lungs are often the place of these metastases. Thoracic surgical removal of metastases is according to the published information acceptable as one of the possibilities of treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate data relative to lung metastases and their removal, to find out the living of the patients. Methods: Authors retrospectively evaluated 61 patients, which submitted surgical treatment of lung metastases on Surgical Clinic JLF UK and MFN in Martin. Results: The most common primary tumor was colorectal carcinoma...

First experience with oropharyngeal mucositis pain treatment with the use of transdermal buprenorphine

Samuel Vokurka, Jana Škardová, Michal Karas, Jana Kostková, Kateřina Šteinerová, Vladimír Koza, Eva Bystřická

Onkologie. 2010:4(4):265-268  

Oropharyngeal mucositis (OM) is a significant and painful complication in patients after high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous or allogeneic stem cells transplantation. Transdermal phentanyl has been used in OM pain treatment with promising results. We analyzed efficacy of OM pain treatment with the use of transdermal buprenorphine (TB) in 51 patients after allogeneic stem cells transplantation. In 82 % patients the baseline intensity of OM pain did not progressed within the first 3 to 5 days of the treatment with TB 35 μg/hour or 52,5 μg/hour. The significant decrease of the pain intensity was observed within 5 to 7 days....

Clinical experience with erlotinib treatment in patients with advenced non-small cell lung cancer

Marcela Tomíšková, Jana Skřičková, Michal Štícha

Onkologie. 2010:4(4):270-276  

Erlotinib is one of the peroral low molecular-weight tyroxine-kinase inhibitors used in the treatment of patiens with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in Czech Republic. In addition to theoretic data about its mechanism and characteristic we concern with group of 170 patiens with advanced NSCLC treated with erlotinib from the year 2005 in our department. We compare our knowledges and results of treatment with statistical data published from another oncological center from Czech Republic within the framework of Tarceva Register.

An unexpected diagnosis in a 13-year-old girl presented with abdominal lymphadenopathy and B symptoms

Lucie Cingrošová, Lenka Mrázková, Marcela Dvořáková, Luboš Zeman, Josef Mališ, Jiřina Hobstová, Pavel Dryák, Vít Campr, Jan Starý

Onkologie. 2010:4(4):279-281  

We report a case of a 13-year-old girl of Somali origin who was admitted for suspected lymphoma. She had developed typical B symptoms and abdominal lymphadenopathy within the passed month. Though the patient has never undergone BCG vaccination, the Mantoux skin test was positive. The girl underwent an ileocaecal lymph node biopsy – histopathological findings showed granulomatous inflammation with caseation necrosis and mycobacterium tuberculosis was culture-confirmed from the examined tissue. Diagnosis of abdominal TB was assessed and the girl was sent to a pediatric department specialized in the treatment of childhood TB.

Autodidaktický test 4/2010

Onkologie. 2010:4(4):282